Distinguishable Immunologic Characteristics of COVID-19 Patients with Comorbid Type 2 Diabetes Compared with Nondiabetic Individuals
Background. COVID-19 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has threatened every civilian as a global pandemic. The immune system poses the critical interactive chain between the human body and the virus. Here, we make efforts to examine whether comorbidity with type...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2020-01-01
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| Series: | Mediators of Inflammation |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6914878 |
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| author | Ruxing Zhao Yujing Sun Yongyuan Zhang Weili Wang Shouyu Wang Chuang Wang Jinbo Liu Ling Gao Zhao Hu Jianchun Fei Xinguo Hou Huizhen Zheng Li Chen |
| author_facet | Ruxing Zhao Yujing Sun Yongyuan Zhang Weili Wang Shouyu Wang Chuang Wang Jinbo Liu Ling Gao Zhao Hu Jianchun Fei Xinguo Hou Huizhen Zheng Li Chen |
| author_sort | Ruxing Zhao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background. COVID-19 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has threatened every civilian as a global pandemic. The immune system poses the critical interactive chain between the human body and the virus. Here, we make efforts to examine whether comorbidity with type 2 diabetes (T2D) affects the immunological response in COVID-19 patients. Methods. We conducted a retrospective pilot study investigating immunological characteristics of confirmed cases of COVID-19 with or without comorbid T2D. Two subcohorts of sex- and age-matched participants were eligible for data analysis, of which 33 participants were with T2D and the remaining 37 were nondiabetic (NDM). Cellular immunity was assessed by flow cytometric determination of surface markers including CD3, CD4, CD8, CD19, CD16, and CD56 in peripheral blood. Levels of C reactive protein, immunoglobulin (IgG, IgM, IgA, and IgE), and complements (C3, C4) were detected by rate nephelometry immunoassay. And Th1/Th2 cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, and IFN-γ) were detected by Cytometric Bead Array. Results. Neutrophil counts were found to be significantly higher in the T2D group than in the NDM group and had a significant relevance with clinical severity. Lymphocyte frequencies showed no significant differences in the two groups. However, the proportions and absolute counts of T, Tc, Th, and NK cells decreased in both groups to different degrees. An abnormal increase in neutrophil count and a decrease in lymphocyte subpopulations may represent risk factors of COVID-19 severity. The level of IgG, IgM, IgA, C3, and C4 showed no significant difference between the two groups, while the IgE levels were higher in the T2D group than in the NDM group (p<0.05). Th1 cytokines including IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-6, as well as CRP, appeared significantly higher in the T2D group. Conclusions. The COVID-19 patients comorbid with T2D demonstrated distinguishable immunological parameters, which represented clinical relevancies with the predisposed disease severity in T2D. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-13f17d65d0064c5b878596663a8d3d1a |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 0962-9351 1466-1861 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2020-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Mediators of Inflammation |
| spelling | doaj-art-13f17d65d0064c5b878596663a8d3d1a2025-02-03T05:44:15ZengWileyMediators of Inflammation0962-93511466-18612020-01-01202010.1155/2020/69148786914878Distinguishable Immunologic Characteristics of COVID-19 Patients with Comorbid Type 2 Diabetes Compared with Nondiabetic IndividualsRuxing Zhao0Yujing Sun1Yongyuan Zhang2Weili Wang3Shouyu Wang4Chuang Wang5Jinbo Liu6Ling Gao7Zhao Hu8Jianchun Fei9Xinguo Hou10Huizhen Zheng11Li Chen12Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, ChinaDepartment of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, ChinaDivision of Medical Affairs, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, ChinaDepartment of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, ChinaDepartment of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, ChinaDepartment of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, ChinaDepartment of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, ChinaDepartment of Endocrinology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, ChinaDepartment of Nephrology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, ChinaDepartment of Anesthesiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, ChinaDepartment of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, ChinaDepartment of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, ChinaDepartment of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, ChinaBackground. COVID-19 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has threatened every civilian as a global pandemic. The immune system poses the critical interactive chain between the human body and the virus. Here, we make efforts to examine whether comorbidity with type 2 diabetes (T2D) affects the immunological response in COVID-19 patients. Methods. We conducted a retrospective pilot study investigating immunological characteristics of confirmed cases of COVID-19 with or without comorbid T2D. Two subcohorts of sex- and age-matched participants were eligible for data analysis, of which 33 participants were with T2D and the remaining 37 were nondiabetic (NDM). Cellular immunity was assessed by flow cytometric determination of surface markers including CD3, CD4, CD8, CD19, CD16, and CD56 in peripheral blood. Levels of C reactive protein, immunoglobulin (IgG, IgM, IgA, and IgE), and complements (C3, C4) were detected by rate nephelometry immunoassay. And Th1/Th2 cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, and IFN-γ) were detected by Cytometric Bead Array. Results. Neutrophil counts were found to be significantly higher in the T2D group than in the NDM group and had a significant relevance with clinical severity. Lymphocyte frequencies showed no significant differences in the two groups. However, the proportions and absolute counts of T, Tc, Th, and NK cells decreased in both groups to different degrees. An abnormal increase in neutrophil count and a decrease in lymphocyte subpopulations may represent risk factors of COVID-19 severity. The level of IgG, IgM, IgA, C3, and C4 showed no significant difference between the two groups, while the IgE levels were higher in the T2D group than in the NDM group (p<0.05). Th1 cytokines including IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-6, as well as CRP, appeared significantly higher in the T2D group. Conclusions. The COVID-19 patients comorbid with T2D demonstrated distinguishable immunological parameters, which represented clinical relevancies with the predisposed disease severity in T2D.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6914878 |
| spellingShingle | Ruxing Zhao Yujing Sun Yongyuan Zhang Weili Wang Shouyu Wang Chuang Wang Jinbo Liu Ling Gao Zhao Hu Jianchun Fei Xinguo Hou Huizhen Zheng Li Chen Distinguishable Immunologic Characteristics of COVID-19 Patients with Comorbid Type 2 Diabetes Compared with Nondiabetic Individuals Mediators of Inflammation |
| title | Distinguishable Immunologic Characteristics of COVID-19 Patients with Comorbid Type 2 Diabetes Compared with Nondiabetic Individuals |
| title_full | Distinguishable Immunologic Characteristics of COVID-19 Patients with Comorbid Type 2 Diabetes Compared with Nondiabetic Individuals |
| title_fullStr | Distinguishable Immunologic Characteristics of COVID-19 Patients with Comorbid Type 2 Diabetes Compared with Nondiabetic Individuals |
| title_full_unstemmed | Distinguishable Immunologic Characteristics of COVID-19 Patients with Comorbid Type 2 Diabetes Compared with Nondiabetic Individuals |
| title_short | Distinguishable Immunologic Characteristics of COVID-19 Patients with Comorbid Type 2 Diabetes Compared with Nondiabetic Individuals |
| title_sort | distinguishable immunologic characteristics of covid 19 patients with comorbid type 2 diabetes compared with nondiabetic individuals |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6914878 |
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