Bioengineering Outer-Membrane Vesicles for Vaccine Development: Strategies, Advances, and Perspectives

Outer-membrane vesicles (OMVs), naturally secreted by Gram-negative bacteria, have gained recognition as a versatile platform for the development of next-generation vaccines. OMVs are essential contributors to bacterial pathogenesis, horizontal gene transfer, cellular communication, the maintenance...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Ayesha Zahid, Hazrat Ismail, Jennifer C. Wilson, I. Darren Grice
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Vaccines
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/13/7/767
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