Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic (CKM) Syndrome: A Case-Based Narrative Review

Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic (CKM) Syndrome: A Case-Based Narrative Review

These 4 hypothetical cases highlight new features of the American Heart Association cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) health construct. The cases incorporate the CKM staging system, estimates from the PREVENT risk calculator, and clinical approaches related to CKM stages and individual risk prof...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Aamir Javaid, Essa Hariri, Bige Ozkan, Katherine Lang, Sadiya S. Khan, Janani Rangaswami, Neil J. Stone, Roger S. Blumenthal, Chiadi E. Ndumele
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-06-01
Series:American Journal of Medicine Open
Subjects:
Cardiology
Nephrology
Prevention
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667036425000032
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Summary:These 4 hypothetical cases highlight new features of the American Heart Association cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) health construct. The cases incorporate the CKM staging system, estimates from the PREVENT risk calculator, and clinical approaches related to CKM stages and individual risk profiles. Topics include management considerations for (1) a patient with stage 1 obesity and impaired glucose tolerance, (2) a patient with metabolic risk factors and moderate-risk chronic kidney disease (CKD), (3) a patient with subclinical atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and multiple comorbid conditions, and (4) a patient with metabolic risk factors, prior myocardial infarction, new-onset heart failure, atrial fibrillation, and CKD.
ISSN:2667-0364

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