Impact of photodynamic therapy based on modified orthodontic self-cured acrylic resin containing titanium dioxide nanoparticles against Candida albicans

Background: This in vitro study was conducted to evaluate the impact of photodynamic therapy (PDT) using modified acrylic resin with titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) on Candida albicans biofilm, physico-mechanical properties, and pro-inflammatory gene expression. Materials and Methods: The b...

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Main Authors: Rashin Bahrami, Azin Jafarzadeh, Maryam Pourhajibagher, Yasamin Babaee Hemmati, Abbas Bahador
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-06-01
Series:Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S157210002500119X
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author Rashin Bahrami
Azin Jafarzadeh
Maryam Pourhajibagher
Yasamin Babaee Hemmati
Abbas Bahador
author_facet Rashin Bahrami
Azin Jafarzadeh
Maryam Pourhajibagher
Yasamin Babaee Hemmati
Abbas Bahador
author_sort Rashin Bahrami
collection DOAJ
description Background: This in vitro study was conducted to evaluate the impact of photodynamic therapy (PDT) using modified acrylic resin with titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) on Candida albicans biofilm, physico-mechanical properties, and pro-inflammatory gene expression. Materials and Methods: The biofilm inhibition test was used to assess the antimicrobial effectiveness against C. albicans biofilm. The levels of gene expression for TNF-α and IL-6 in human gingival fibroblast (HGF) cell line were examined using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The roughness, flexural strength, and microhardness of modified acrylic resin with different concentrations of TiO2NPs (0 %, 1 %, 2 %, and 3 %) were measured using a profilometer, a universal testing machine, and a digital hardness tester, respectively. Results: The C. albicans biofilm was most effectively reduced by 0.2 % chlorhexidine (CHX), showing the lowest colony count (5.94 ± 0.46 × 106 CFU/mL). Comparable results were observed with 3 % TiO2NPs-PDT (7.37 ± 1.34 × 106 CFU/mL, P = 0.300). The colony counts from 2 % TiO2NPs-PDT (9.21 ± 1.25 × 106 CFU/mL) was not significantly different from 3 % TiO2NPs-PDT (P = 0.529) but was notably higher than that of 0.2 % CHX (P = 0.004). The expression of TNF-α and IL-6 genes decreased significantly in HGF cell line when exposed to 2 % and 3 % TiO2NPs-PDT. Microhardness and flexural strength demonstrated a direct correlation with the concentration of TiO2NPs, while roughness showed an inverse correlation. Additionally, all groups exceeded the ISO standards for flexural strength. Conclusion: 3 % TiO2NPs-PDT reduced C. albicans biofilm and downregulated the pro-inflammatory gene expression without adversely affecting the properties of the acrylic resin, making it suitable for clinical use.
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series Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy
spelling doaj-art-13c6effa149e477f9f29335cfc9af0a82025-08-20T02:28:20ZengElsevierPhotodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy1572-10002025-06-015310459010.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.104590Impact of photodynamic therapy based on modified orthodontic self-cured acrylic resin containing titanium dioxide nanoparticles against Candida albicansRashin Bahrami0Azin Jafarzadeh1Maryam Pourhajibagher2Yasamin Babaee Hemmati3Abbas Bahador4Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranDental Sciences Research Center, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, IranDental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Corresponding author at: Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Dental Sciences Research Center, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran; Corresponding author at: Dental Sciences Research Center, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranBackground: This in vitro study was conducted to evaluate the impact of photodynamic therapy (PDT) using modified acrylic resin with titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) on Candida albicans biofilm, physico-mechanical properties, and pro-inflammatory gene expression. Materials and Methods: The biofilm inhibition test was used to assess the antimicrobial effectiveness against C. albicans biofilm. The levels of gene expression for TNF-α and IL-6 in human gingival fibroblast (HGF) cell line were examined using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The roughness, flexural strength, and microhardness of modified acrylic resin with different concentrations of TiO2NPs (0 %, 1 %, 2 %, and 3 %) were measured using a profilometer, a universal testing machine, and a digital hardness tester, respectively. Results: The C. albicans biofilm was most effectively reduced by 0.2 % chlorhexidine (CHX), showing the lowest colony count (5.94 ± 0.46 × 106 CFU/mL). Comparable results were observed with 3 % TiO2NPs-PDT (7.37 ± 1.34 × 106 CFU/mL, P = 0.300). The colony counts from 2 % TiO2NPs-PDT (9.21 ± 1.25 × 106 CFU/mL) was not significantly different from 3 % TiO2NPs-PDT (P = 0.529) but was notably higher than that of 0.2 % CHX (P = 0.004). The expression of TNF-α and IL-6 genes decreased significantly in HGF cell line when exposed to 2 % and 3 % TiO2NPs-PDT. Microhardness and flexural strength demonstrated a direct correlation with the concentration of TiO2NPs, while roughness showed an inverse correlation. Additionally, all groups exceeded the ISO standards for flexural strength. Conclusion: 3 % TiO2NPs-PDT reduced C. albicans biofilm and downregulated the pro-inflammatory gene expression without adversely affecting the properties of the acrylic resin, making it suitable for clinical use.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S157210002500119XPhotodynamic therapyAcrylic resinTitanium dioxideCandida albicansGene expressionFlexural strength
spellingShingle Rashin Bahrami
Azin Jafarzadeh
Maryam Pourhajibagher
Yasamin Babaee Hemmati
Abbas Bahador
Impact of photodynamic therapy based on modified orthodontic self-cured acrylic resin containing titanium dioxide nanoparticles against Candida albicans
Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy
Photodynamic therapy
Acrylic resin
Titanium dioxide
Candida albicans
Gene expression
Flexural strength
title Impact of photodynamic therapy based on modified orthodontic self-cured acrylic resin containing titanium dioxide nanoparticles against Candida albicans
title_full Impact of photodynamic therapy based on modified orthodontic self-cured acrylic resin containing titanium dioxide nanoparticles against Candida albicans
title_fullStr Impact of photodynamic therapy based on modified orthodontic self-cured acrylic resin containing titanium dioxide nanoparticles against Candida albicans
title_full_unstemmed Impact of photodynamic therapy based on modified orthodontic self-cured acrylic resin containing titanium dioxide nanoparticles against Candida albicans
title_short Impact of photodynamic therapy based on modified orthodontic self-cured acrylic resin containing titanium dioxide nanoparticles against Candida albicans
title_sort impact of photodynamic therapy based on modified orthodontic self cured acrylic resin containing titanium dioxide nanoparticles against candida albicans
topic Photodynamic therapy
Acrylic resin
Titanium dioxide
Candida albicans
Gene expression
Flexural strength
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S157210002500119X
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