Finding Key Nodes in Complex Networks Through Quantum Deep Reinforcement Learning

Identifying key nodes in networks is a fundamental problem in network science. This study proposes a quantum deep reinforcement learning (QDRL) framework that integrates reinforcement learning with a variational quantum graph neural network, effectively identifying distributed influential nodes whil...

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Main Authors: Juechan Xiong, Xiao-Long Ren, Linyuan Lü
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Entropy
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/27/4/382
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author Juechan Xiong
Xiao-Long Ren
Linyuan Lü
author_facet Juechan Xiong
Xiao-Long Ren
Linyuan Lü
author_sort Juechan Xiong
collection DOAJ
description Identifying key nodes in networks is a fundamental problem in network science. This study proposes a quantum deep reinforcement learning (QDRL) framework that integrates reinforcement learning with a variational quantum graph neural network, effectively identifying distributed influential nodes while preserving the network’s fundamental topological properties. By leveraging principles of quantum computing, our method is designed to reduce model parameters and computational complexity compared to traditional neural networks. Trained on small networks, it demonstrated strong generalization across diverse scenarios. We compared the proposed algorithm with some classical node ranking and network dismantling algorithms on various synthetical and empirical networks. The results suggest that the proposed algorithm outperforms existing baseline methods. Moreover, in synthetic networks based on Erdős–Rényi and Watts–Strogatz models, QDRL demonstrated its capability to alleviate the issue of localization in network information propagation and node influence ranking. Our research provides insights into addressing fundamental problems in complex networks using quantum machine learning, demonstrating the potential of quantum approaches for network analysis tasks.
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spelling doaj-art-13baf87839f04c8fb4ccc3e9cf5ef6872025-08-20T02:28:33ZengMDPI AGEntropy1099-43002025-04-0127438210.3390/e27040382Finding Key Nodes in Complex Networks Through Quantum Deep Reinforcement LearningJuechan Xiong0Xiao-Long Ren1Linyuan Lü2Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, ChinaYangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou 313001, ChinaSchool of Cyber Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, ChinaIdentifying key nodes in networks is a fundamental problem in network science. This study proposes a quantum deep reinforcement learning (QDRL) framework that integrates reinforcement learning with a variational quantum graph neural network, effectively identifying distributed influential nodes while preserving the network’s fundamental topological properties. By leveraging principles of quantum computing, our method is designed to reduce model parameters and computational complexity compared to traditional neural networks. Trained on small networks, it demonstrated strong generalization across diverse scenarios. We compared the proposed algorithm with some classical node ranking and network dismantling algorithms on various synthetical and empirical networks. The results suggest that the proposed algorithm outperforms existing baseline methods. Moreover, in synthetic networks based on Erdős–Rényi and Watts–Strogatz models, QDRL demonstrated its capability to alleviate the issue of localization in network information propagation and node influence ranking. Our research provides insights into addressing fundamental problems in complex networks using quantum machine learning, demonstrating the potential of quantum approaches for network analysis tasks.https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/27/4/382vital node identificationquantum algorithmreinforcement learningcomplex networks
spellingShingle Juechan Xiong
Xiao-Long Ren
Linyuan Lü
Finding Key Nodes in Complex Networks Through Quantum Deep Reinforcement Learning
Entropy
vital node identification
quantum algorithm
reinforcement learning
complex networks
title Finding Key Nodes in Complex Networks Through Quantum Deep Reinforcement Learning
title_full Finding Key Nodes in Complex Networks Through Quantum Deep Reinforcement Learning
title_fullStr Finding Key Nodes in Complex Networks Through Quantum Deep Reinforcement Learning
title_full_unstemmed Finding Key Nodes in Complex Networks Through Quantum Deep Reinforcement Learning
title_short Finding Key Nodes in Complex Networks Through Quantum Deep Reinforcement Learning
title_sort finding key nodes in complex networks through quantum deep reinforcement learning
topic vital node identification
quantum algorithm
reinforcement learning
complex networks
url https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/27/4/382
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AT xiaolongren findingkeynodesincomplexnetworksthroughquantumdeepreinforcementlearning
AT linyuanlu findingkeynodesincomplexnetworksthroughquantumdeepreinforcementlearning