Detection of Transformer Faults: AI-Supported Machine Learning Application in Sweep Frequency Response Analysis

In this study, we discussed how the increasing demand for electrical energy results in higher loads on transformers, creating the need for more effective testing and maintenance methods. Accurate fault classification is essential for the reliable operation of transformers. In this context, Sweep Fre...

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Main Authors: Hakan Çuhadaroğlu, Yılmaz Uyaroğlu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Energies
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/10/2481
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author Hakan Çuhadaroğlu
Yılmaz Uyaroğlu
author_facet Hakan Çuhadaroğlu
Yılmaz Uyaroğlu
author_sort Hakan Çuhadaroğlu
collection DOAJ
description In this study, we discussed how the increasing demand for electrical energy results in higher loads on transformers, creating the need for more effective testing and maintenance methods. Accurate fault classification is essential for the reliable operation of transformers. In this context, Sweep Frequency Response Analysis (SFRA) has emerged as an effective method for detecting potential faults at an early stage by examining the frequency responses of transformers. In this study, we used artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) techniques to analyze the data generated by SFRA tests. These tests typically produce large datasets, making manual analysis challenging and prone to human error. AI algorithms offer a solution to this issue by enabling fast and accurate data analysis. In this study, three different transformer conditions were analyzed: a healthy transformer, a transformer with core failure, and a transformer with winding slippage. Six different machine learning algorithms were applied to detect these conditions. Among them, the Gradient Boost Classifier showed the best performance in classifying faults. This algorithm accurately predicted the health status of transformers by learning from large datasets. One of the most important contributions of this study is the use of gradient boosting algorithms for the first time to analyze SFRA test results and facilitate preventive maintenance through the early detection of transformer failures. In conclusion, this study presents an innovative approach. The interpretation of offline SFRA results through various artificial intelligence-based analysis methods will contribute to achieving the ultimate goal of reliable online SFRA applications.
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spelling doaj-art-13b068a490c8444eb2d10fb6ef0aa32b2025-08-20T03:14:46ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732025-05-011810248110.3390/en18102481Detection of Transformer Faults: AI-Supported Machine Learning Application in Sweep Frequency Response AnalysisHakan Çuhadaroğlu0Yılmaz Uyaroğlu1Institute of Natural Sciences, Sakarya University, Sakarya 54050, TürkiyeDepartment of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Sakarya University, Sakarya 54050, TürkiyeIn this study, we discussed how the increasing demand for electrical energy results in higher loads on transformers, creating the need for more effective testing and maintenance methods. Accurate fault classification is essential for the reliable operation of transformers. In this context, Sweep Frequency Response Analysis (SFRA) has emerged as an effective method for detecting potential faults at an early stage by examining the frequency responses of transformers. In this study, we used artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) techniques to analyze the data generated by SFRA tests. These tests typically produce large datasets, making manual analysis challenging and prone to human error. AI algorithms offer a solution to this issue by enabling fast and accurate data analysis. In this study, three different transformer conditions were analyzed: a healthy transformer, a transformer with core failure, and a transformer with winding slippage. Six different machine learning algorithms were applied to detect these conditions. Among them, the Gradient Boost Classifier showed the best performance in classifying faults. This algorithm accurately predicted the health status of transformers by learning from large datasets. One of the most important contributions of this study is the use of gradient boosting algorithms for the first time to analyze SFRA test results and facilitate preventive maintenance through the early detection of transformer failures. In conclusion, this study presents an innovative approach. The interpretation of offline SFRA results through various artificial intelligence-based analysis methods will contribute to achieving the ultimate goal of reliable online SFRA applications.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/10/2481sweep frequency response analysis (SFRA)machine learninggradient boost classifierartificial intelligenceonline SFRA
spellingShingle Hakan Çuhadaroğlu
Yılmaz Uyaroğlu
Detection of Transformer Faults: AI-Supported Machine Learning Application in Sweep Frequency Response Analysis
Energies
sweep frequency response analysis (SFRA)
machine learning
gradient boost classifier
artificial intelligence
online SFRA
title Detection of Transformer Faults: AI-Supported Machine Learning Application in Sweep Frequency Response Analysis
title_full Detection of Transformer Faults: AI-Supported Machine Learning Application in Sweep Frequency Response Analysis
title_fullStr Detection of Transformer Faults: AI-Supported Machine Learning Application in Sweep Frequency Response Analysis
title_full_unstemmed Detection of Transformer Faults: AI-Supported Machine Learning Application in Sweep Frequency Response Analysis
title_short Detection of Transformer Faults: AI-Supported Machine Learning Application in Sweep Frequency Response Analysis
title_sort detection of transformer faults ai supported machine learning application in sweep frequency response analysis
topic sweep frequency response analysis (SFRA)
machine learning
gradient boost classifier
artificial intelligence
online SFRA
url https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/10/2481
work_keys_str_mv AT hakancuhadaroglu detectionoftransformerfaultsaisupportedmachinelearningapplicationinsweepfrequencyresponseanalysis
AT yılmazuyaroglu detectionoftransformerfaultsaisupportedmachinelearningapplicationinsweepfrequencyresponseanalysis