Analyzing Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody Associated Conditions in a Large, Random Sample of Patients: A Comparison of Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay and Indirect Immunofluorescence Tests

Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) in a diverse group of Turkish patients admitted to a tertiary care hospital, their clinical characteristics, and ANCA test results.Material and Methods: This retrospective study analyzed 10,726 s...

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Main Authors: Bedia Dinç, Emrah Salman
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Duzce University 2025-08-01
Series:Düzce Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi
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Online Access:https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/4622803
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author Bedia Dinç
Emrah Salman
author_facet Bedia Dinç
Emrah Salman
author_sort Bedia Dinç
collection DOAJ
description Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) in a diverse group of Turkish patients admitted to a tertiary care hospital, their clinical characteristics, and ANCA test results.Material and Methods: This retrospective study analyzed 10,726 serum samples tested for ANCA over 4.5 years. All patients requested ANCA indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests were included.Results: IIF/ELISA test results were positive for 973 (9.1%) patients, 875 IIF positive and 98 ELISA positive with negative IIF. Of the 875 IIF-positive patients, the p-ANCA pattern was observed in 631 (72.1%), and the c-ANCA pattern was observed in 222 (25.4%). MPO ELISA was positive in 16.6% (n=105), and PR3 ELISA was positive in 0.8% (n=5) of the p-ANCA positives, while MPO ELISA was positive in 0.9% (n=2), and PR3 ELISA was positive in 36.5% (n=81) of the c-ANCA positives. 11.6% (n=113) of the IIF/ELISA positives were ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV). The ELISA test detected ANCA in 91 (80.5%) of the AAV patients. The positive predictive value (PPV) of IIF was 11.89%, while the PPV of the ELISA was 29.84%. The utilization of both IIF and ELISA resulted in a PPV of 41.75%.Conclusion: Antigen-specific immunoassays exhibit better diagnostic precision compared to IIF. Therefore, PR3- and MPO-ANCA ELISA are recommended for AAV screening. In patients with no suspicion of AAV, the more sensitive IIF test should be used. If IIF is positive, antigen-specific assays such as anti-MPO or anti-PR3 ELISA should confirm antigens.
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spelling doaj-art-139e183a712c4d27ab7bbc4de70b346e2025-08-25T14:52:23ZengDuzce UniversityDüzce Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi1307-671X2025-08-0127215816410.18678/dtfd.164280697Analyzing Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody Associated Conditions in a Large, Random Sample of Patients: A Comparison of Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay and Indirect Immunofluorescence TestsBedia Dinç0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8318-2556Emrah Salman1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5293-0803SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ, ANKARA ŞEHİR SAĞLIK UYGULAMA VE ARAŞTIRMA MERKEZİSAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ, ANKARA ŞEHİR SAĞLIK UYGULAMA VE ARAŞTIRMA MERKEZİAim: The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) in a diverse group of Turkish patients admitted to a tertiary care hospital, their clinical characteristics, and ANCA test results.Material and Methods: This retrospective study analyzed 10,726 serum samples tested for ANCA over 4.5 years. All patients requested ANCA indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests were included.Results: IIF/ELISA test results were positive for 973 (9.1%) patients, 875 IIF positive and 98 ELISA positive with negative IIF. Of the 875 IIF-positive patients, the p-ANCA pattern was observed in 631 (72.1%), and the c-ANCA pattern was observed in 222 (25.4%). MPO ELISA was positive in 16.6% (n=105), and PR3 ELISA was positive in 0.8% (n=5) of the p-ANCA positives, while MPO ELISA was positive in 0.9% (n=2), and PR3 ELISA was positive in 36.5% (n=81) of the c-ANCA positives. 11.6% (n=113) of the IIF/ELISA positives were ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV). The ELISA test detected ANCA in 91 (80.5%) of the AAV patients. The positive predictive value (PPV) of IIF was 11.89%, while the PPV of the ELISA was 29.84%. The utilization of both IIF and ELISA resulted in a PPV of 41.75%.Conclusion: Antigen-specific immunoassays exhibit better diagnostic precision compared to IIF. Therefore, PR3- and MPO-ANCA ELISA are recommended for AAV screening. In patients with no suspicion of AAV, the more sensitive IIF test should be used. If IIF is positive, antigen-specific assays such as anti-MPO or anti-PR3 ELISA should confirm antigens.https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/4622803antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodyindirect immunofluorescence assayelisaantinötrofil sitoplazmik antikorindirekt immünofloresan testielisa
spellingShingle Bedia Dinç
Emrah Salman
Analyzing Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody Associated Conditions in a Large, Random Sample of Patients: A Comparison of Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay and Indirect Immunofluorescence Tests
Düzce Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi
antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody
indirect immunofluorescence assay
elisa
antinötrofil sitoplazmik antikor
indirekt immünofloresan testi
elisa
title Analyzing Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody Associated Conditions in a Large, Random Sample of Patients: A Comparison of Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay and Indirect Immunofluorescence Tests
title_full Analyzing Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody Associated Conditions in a Large, Random Sample of Patients: A Comparison of Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay and Indirect Immunofluorescence Tests
title_fullStr Analyzing Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody Associated Conditions in a Large, Random Sample of Patients: A Comparison of Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay and Indirect Immunofluorescence Tests
title_full_unstemmed Analyzing Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody Associated Conditions in a Large, Random Sample of Patients: A Comparison of Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay and Indirect Immunofluorescence Tests
title_short Analyzing Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody Associated Conditions in a Large, Random Sample of Patients: A Comparison of Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay and Indirect Immunofluorescence Tests
title_sort analyzing antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody associated conditions in a large random sample of patients a comparison of enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and indirect immunofluorescence tests
topic antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody
indirect immunofluorescence assay
elisa
antinötrofil sitoplazmik antikor
indirekt immünofloresan testi
elisa
url https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/4622803
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AT emrahsalman analyzingantineutrophilcytoplasmicantibodyassociatedconditionsinalargerandomsampleofpatientsacomparisonofenzymelinkedimmunosorbentassayandindirectimmunofluorescencetests