Characterization of Microbiome Diversity in the Digestive Tract of <i>Penaeus vannamei</i> Fed with Probiotics and Challenged with <i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i> Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease
The microbiome of the shrimp’s digestive tract shows differences between healthy and acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND)-affected shrimp. The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of probiotic consumption on the microbial community in experimentally AHPND-infected shrimp. Effective...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-03-01
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| Series: | Pathogens |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/14/4/320 |
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| Summary: | The microbiome of the shrimp’s digestive tract shows differences between healthy and acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND)-affected shrimp. The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of probiotic consumption on the microbial community in experimentally AHPND-infected shrimp. Effective probiotics (EPs) <i>Vibrio alginolyticus</i> (Va32A), <i>V. campbellii</i> (VcHA), and <i>Bacillus pumilus</i> (BPY100) and non-effective probiotics (NEPs) <i>B. pumilus</i> (Bp43, and BpY119), were employed in bioassays with <i>Penaeus vannamei</i> and challenged with AHPND-causing <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i> (Vp<sub>AHPND</sub>). Stomach (Sto), intestine (Int), and hepatopancreas (Hep) were analyzed by metabarcoding (16S rRNA gene) to characterize the microbiome and biomarkers. Hep-VcHA showed the highest alpha diversity (Shannon index = 5.88; 166 ASVs), whereas the lowest was for Hep-Bp43 (2.33; 7 ASVs). Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Saccharibacteria were the most abundant phyla. The relative abundance of <i>Vibrio</i> sp. was the highest in the Hep and Int of Bp43, BPY119 and the positive control, followed by <i>Rhodobacteraceae</i> in the EP group. Principle coordinate analysis (PCoA) showed a cluster grouped negative (Sto and Hep) control with almost all organs in the EP group causing 28.79% of the variation. The core microbiome of EP was mainly represented by <i>Rhodobacteraceae</i>, Caldilineaceae, <i>Celeribacter indicus</i>, <i>Illumatobacter</i>, <i>Microbacterium</i>, <i>Ruegeria atlantica, Saccharibacteria</i> sp., <i>Shimia biformata</i>, and <i>Thalassobius mediterraneus</i>, whose relative abundance was enriched by probiotics, which may explain their protective roles against Vp<sub>AHPND</sub>, whereas the low survival in the NEP group was associated with a higher diversity of <i>Vibrio</i> spp. Our results present an ecosystem-friendly alternative based on beneficial microorganisms to prevent and control AHPND and probably other bacterial diseases in shrimp farming. |
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| ISSN: | 2076-0817 |