The influence of subsequent impacts on underlying particles during cold spraying

Cold spraying is an innovative solid-state deposition technology. In this process, the impact of subsequent particles plays a critical role in influencing the deposition behavior of the underlying particles. However, research on this specific aspect remains relatively limited. This study focuses on...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Xinying Wei, Hongxia Zhou, Shengyi Cong, Shuo Yin, Rocco Lupoi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-09-01
Series:Journal of Materials Research and Technology
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785425020733
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Summary:Cold spraying is an innovative solid-state deposition technology. In this process, the impact of subsequent particles plays a critical role in influencing the deposition behavior of the underlying particles. However, research on this specific aspect remains relatively limited. This study focuses on investigating the influence of subsequent particle impacts on the deposition behavior of Ti particles already deposited at the bottom layer. Experimental and simulation results reveal that after multiple-layer subsequent impacts, fine-grained regions within the bottom particles progressively expand. The interface between the particles and the substrate undergoes a continuous evolution, transitioning from sub-micron crystals to typical nanocrystals, then to ultrafine nanocrystals, and eventually reverting to typical nanocrystals. The tamping effect accumulates at the bottom, leading to a continuous increase in the hardness and elastic modulus of the underlying particles, as well as an improvement in the bonding strength between the particles and the substrate. Nevertheless, the influence of subsequent particle impacts on the underlying particles does not increase indefinitely but reaches saturation after a certain number of layers. This research provides theoretical insights into the particle deformation behavior during the cold spraying process and establishes a foundation for achieving well-bonded and dense deposits in cold spraying additive manufacturing.
ISSN:2238-7854