Real-Time Identification Algorithm of Daylight Space Debris Laser Ranging Data Based on Observation Data Distribution Model
In an effort to accomplish the real-time acquisition of the laser ranging results of space debris during the daylight and enhance the observation success rate, this paper establishes a joint distribution model of noise and echo signals grounded on the intensity distribution law of the daylight backg...
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MDPI AG
2025-04-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/7/2281 |
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| author | Yang Liu Xue Dong Jian Gao Bowen Guan Yanning Zheng Zhipeng Liang Xingwei Han He Dong |
| author_facet | Yang Liu Xue Dong Jian Gao Bowen Guan Yanning Zheng Zhipeng Liang Xingwei Han He Dong |
| author_sort | Yang Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In an effort to accomplish the real-time acquisition of the laser ranging results of space debris during the daylight and enhance the observation success rate, this paper establishes a joint distribution model of noise and echo signals grounded on the intensity distribution law of the daylight background noise. Through an in-depth analysis of the measurement characteristics of single-photon detectors, a real-time recognition algorithm based on the disparity in statistical distribution is put forward. This algorithm partitions the observation data into intervals of equal length. It then employs the goodness-of-fit test of the geometric distribution to ascertain the data distribution law. Subsequently, it locates the interval in which the echo signal resides by analyzing the contribution degree of the chi-square statistic. The experimental outcomes indicate that under the circumstances of a laser frequency of 400 Hz and a background noise photon rate of 2 × 10<sup>7</sup> photons per second, the algorithm is capable of achieving real-time recognition of the echo interval for an intensity of 0.09 echo photons per single pulse within 1 s. This breakthrough resolves the critical challenge of daylight echo discrimination in high-noise environments. This method overcomes the constraints of the traditional signal intensity threshold and offers a novel technical approach for the tracking and precise orbit determination of space debris in a low signal-to-noise ratio environment. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-1377a9d7f58d4ea585e38ad417eb7ca6 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj-art-1377a9d7f58d4ea585e38ad417eb7ca62025-08-20T03:03:27ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202025-04-01257228110.3390/s25072281Real-Time Identification Algorithm of Daylight Space Debris Laser Ranging Data Based on Observation Data Distribution ModelYang Liu0Xue Dong1Jian Gao2Bowen Guan3Yanning Zheng4Zhipeng Liang5Xingwei Han6He Dong7Changchun Observatory, National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130117, ChinaChangchun Observatory, National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130117, ChinaChangchun Observatory, National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130117, ChinaChangchun Observatory, National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130117, ChinaChangchun Observatory, National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130117, ChinaChangchun Observatory, National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130117, ChinaChangchun Observatory, National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130117, ChinaCollege of Information Technology, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, ChinaIn an effort to accomplish the real-time acquisition of the laser ranging results of space debris during the daylight and enhance the observation success rate, this paper establishes a joint distribution model of noise and echo signals grounded on the intensity distribution law of the daylight background noise. Through an in-depth analysis of the measurement characteristics of single-photon detectors, a real-time recognition algorithm based on the disparity in statistical distribution is put forward. This algorithm partitions the observation data into intervals of equal length. It then employs the goodness-of-fit test of the geometric distribution to ascertain the data distribution law. Subsequently, it locates the interval in which the echo signal resides by analyzing the contribution degree of the chi-square statistic. The experimental outcomes indicate that under the circumstances of a laser frequency of 400 Hz and a background noise photon rate of 2 × 10<sup>7</sup> photons per second, the algorithm is capable of achieving real-time recognition of the echo interval for an intensity of 0.09 echo photons per single pulse within 1 s. This breakthrough resolves the critical challenge of daylight echo discrimination in high-noise environments. This method overcomes the constraints of the traditional signal intensity threshold and offers a novel technical approach for the tracking and precise orbit determination of space debris in a low signal-to-noise ratio environment.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/7/2281daylight debris laser rangingreal-time data identificationchi-square test |
| spellingShingle | Yang Liu Xue Dong Jian Gao Bowen Guan Yanning Zheng Zhipeng Liang Xingwei Han He Dong Real-Time Identification Algorithm of Daylight Space Debris Laser Ranging Data Based on Observation Data Distribution Model Sensors daylight debris laser ranging real-time data identification chi-square test |
| title | Real-Time Identification Algorithm of Daylight Space Debris Laser Ranging Data Based on Observation Data Distribution Model |
| title_full | Real-Time Identification Algorithm of Daylight Space Debris Laser Ranging Data Based on Observation Data Distribution Model |
| title_fullStr | Real-Time Identification Algorithm of Daylight Space Debris Laser Ranging Data Based on Observation Data Distribution Model |
| title_full_unstemmed | Real-Time Identification Algorithm of Daylight Space Debris Laser Ranging Data Based on Observation Data Distribution Model |
| title_short | Real-Time Identification Algorithm of Daylight Space Debris Laser Ranging Data Based on Observation Data Distribution Model |
| title_sort | real time identification algorithm of daylight space debris laser ranging data based on observation data distribution model |
| topic | daylight debris laser ranging real-time data identification chi-square test |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/7/2281 |
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