Sustainability of a Three-Species Predator–Prey Model in Tumor-Immune Dynamics with Periodic Treatment
Using a tumor-immune growth model, we investigate how immunotherapy affects its dynamical characteristics. Specifically, we extend the prey–predator model of tumor cells and immune cells by including periodic immunotherapy, the nonlinear damping of cancer cells, and the dynamics of a healthy cell po...
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| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2025-03-01
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| Series: | Entropy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/27/3/264 |
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| author | Avan Al-Saffar Eun-jin Kim |
| author_facet | Avan Al-Saffar Eun-jin Kim |
| author_sort | Avan Al-Saffar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Using a tumor-immune growth model, we investigate how immunotherapy affects its dynamical characteristics. Specifically, we extend the prey–predator model of tumor cells and immune cells by including periodic immunotherapy, the nonlinear damping of cancer cells, and the dynamics of a healthy cell population, and investigate the effects of the model parameters. The ideal value of immunotherapy, which promotes the growth of immune (and healthy) cells while contributing to the elimination or control of the cancer cells, is determined by using Fisher information as a measure of variability throughout our study. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-136f9d0cb86943cdbd79dab7d1b0f103 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1099-4300 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Entropy |
| spelling | doaj-art-136f9d0cb86943cdbd79dab7d1b0f1032025-08-20T02:42:29ZengMDPI AGEntropy1099-43002025-03-0127326410.3390/e27030264Sustainability of a Three-Species Predator–Prey Model in Tumor-Immune Dynamics with Periodic TreatmentAvan Al-Saffar0Eun-jin Kim1Department of Statistics and Informatics, University of Duhok, Duhok 42001, IraqFluid and Complex Systems Research Centre, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 5FB, UKUsing a tumor-immune growth model, we investigate how immunotherapy affects its dynamical characteristics. Specifically, we extend the prey–predator model of tumor cells and immune cells by including periodic immunotherapy, the nonlinear damping of cancer cells, and the dynamics of a healthy cell population, and investigate the effects of the model parameters. The ideal value of immunotherapy, which promotes the growth of immune (and healthy) cells while contributing to the elimination or control of the cancer cells, is determined by using Fisher information as a measure of variability throughout our study.https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/27/3/264dynamical systemssustainabilityfisher informationperturbationsprobability density function (PDF) |
| spellingShingle | Avan Al-Saffar Eun-jin Kim Sustainability of a Three-Species Predator–Prey Model in Tumor-Immune Dynamics with Periodic Treatment Entropy dynamical systems sustainability fisher information perturbations probability density function (PDF) |
| title | Sustainability of a Three-Species Predator–Prey Model in Tumor-Immune Dynamics with Periodic Treatment |
| title_full | Sustainability of a Three-Species Predator–Prey Model in Tumor-Immune Dynamics with Periodic Treatment |
| title_fullStr | Sustainability of a Three-Species Predator–Prey Model in Tumor-Immune Dynamics with Periodic Treatment |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sustainability of a Three-Species Predator–Prey Model in Tumor-Immune Dynamics with Periodic Treatment |
| title_short | Sustainability of a Three-Species Predator–Prey Model in Tumor-Immune Dynamics with Periodic Treatment |
| title_sort | sustainability of a three species predator prey model in tumor immune dynamics with periodic treatment |
| topic | dynamical systems sustainability fisher information perturbations probability density function (PDF) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/27/3/264 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT avanalsaffar sustainabilityofathreespeciespredatorpreymodelintumorimmunedynamicswithperiodictreatment AT eunjinkim sustainabilityofathreespeciespredatorpreymodelintumorimmunedynamicswithperiodictreatment |