Unexpected Repartitioning of Stratospheric Inorganic Chlorine After the 2020 Australian Wildfires

Abstract The inorganic chlorine (Cly) and odd nitrogen (NOy) chemical families influence stratospheric O3. In January 2020 Australian wildfires injected record‐breaking amounts of smoke into the southern stratosphere. Within 1–2 months ground‐based and satellite observations showed Cly and NOy were...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Susan E. Strahan, Dan Smale, Susan Solomon, Ghassan Taha, Megan R. Damon, Stephen D. Steenrod, Nicholas Jones, Ben Liley, Richard Querel, John Robinson
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2022-07-01
Series:Geophysical Research Letters
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GL098290
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Summary:Abstract The inorganic chlorine (Cly) and odd nitrogen (NOy) chemical families influence stratospheric O3. In January 2020 Australian wildfires injected record‐breaking amounts of smoke into the southern stratosphere. Within 1–2 months ground‐based and satellite observations showed Cly and NOy were repartitioned. By May, lower stratospheric HCl columns declined by ∼30% and ClONO2 columns increased by 40%–50%. The Cly perturbations began and ended near the equinoxes, increased poleward, and peaked at the winter solstice. NO2 decreased from February to April, consistent with sulfate aerosol reactions, but returned to typical values by June ‐ months before the Cly recovery. Transport tracers show that dynamics not chemistry explains most of the observed O3 decrease after April, with no significant transport earlier. Simulations assuming wildfire smoke behaves identically to sulfate aerosols couldn't reproduce observed Cly changes, suggesting they have different composition and chemistry. This undermines our ability to predict ozone in a changing climate.
ISSN:0094-8276
1944-8007