Thinned Eisenstein Fractal Antenna Array Using Multi-Objective Optimization for Wideband Performance
This paper introduces a novel framework for designing wideband antenna arrays using self-similar Eisenstein fractal geometries combined with multi-objective evolutionary optimization techniques. The approach employs multi-objective binary differential evolution (MO-BDE) for array thinning and multi-...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/10/5584 |
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| author | Luis E. Cepeda Leopoldo A. Garza Marco A. Panduro Alberto Reyna Manuel A. Zuñiga |
| author_facet | Luis E. Cepeda Leopoldo A. Garza Marco A. Panduro Alberto Reyna Manuel A. Zuñiga |
| author_sort | Luis E. Cepeda |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This paper introduces a novel framework for designing wideband antenna arrays using self-similar Eisenstein fractal geometries combined with multi-objective evolutionary optimization techniques. The approach employs multi-objective binary differential evolution (MO-BDE) for array thinning and multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MO-PSO) for optimizing amplitude excitations. This integrated methodology reduces the number of active elements while enhancing overall array performance. The optimization process targets minimizing peak side lobe levels and maximizing directivity over a broad frequency range. Two designs are explored: one optimized at a primary frequency, and another providing consistent wideband behavior. The proposed method achieves a 37.5% reduction in active elements. Design A shows an SLL reduction of −12 dB at the target frequency, while Design B maintains up to −3 dB SLL improvement across the bandwidth. The results confirm the efficacy of the proposed synthesis method for developing scalable, energy-efficient antenna arrays for next-generation systems. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-135a508b28254f8bac29aa2d93a26f8c |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj-art-135a508b28254f8bac29aa2d93a26f8c2025-08-20T03:14:29ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-05-011510558410.3390/app15105584Thinned Eisenstein Fractal Antenna Array Using Multi-Objective Optimization for Wideband PerformanceLuis E. Cepeda 0Leopoldo A. Garza 1Marco A. Panduro 2Alberto Reyna 3Manuel A. Zuñiga 4Electrical and Electronic Engineering Department, Autonomous University of Tamaulipas, Reynosa 88779, MexicoElectrical and Electronic Engineering Department, Autonomous University of Tamaulipas, Reynosa 88779, MexicoDepartment of Electronic and Telecommunications, CICESE Research Center, Ensenada 22860, MexicoElectrical and Electronic Engineering Department, Autonomous University of Tamaulipas, Reynosa 88779, MexicoElectrical and Electronic Engineering Department, Autonomous University of Tamaulipas, Reynosa 88779, MexicoThis paper introduces a novel framework for designing wideband antenna arrays using self-similar Eisenstein fractal geometries combined with multi-objective evolutionary optimization techniques. The approach employs multi-objective binary differential evolution (MO-BDE) for array thinning and multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MO-PSO) for optimizing amplitude excitations. This integrated methodology reduces the number of active elements while enhancing overall array performance. The optimization process targets minimizing peak side lobe levels and maximizing directivity over a broad frequency range. Two designs are explored: one optimized at a primary frequency, and another providing consistent wideband behavior. The proposed method achieves a 37.5% reduction in active elements. Design A shows an SLL reduction of −12 dB at the target frequency, while Design B maintains up to −3 dB SLL improvement across the bandwidth. The results confirm the efficacy of the proposed synthesis method for developing scalable, energy-efficient antenna arrays for next-generation systems.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/10/5584antenna arrayfractal arraywidebandevolutionary computingmulti-objective optimization |
| spellingShingle | Luis E. Cepeda Leopoldo A. Garza Marco A. Panduro Alberto Reyna Manuel A. Zuñiga Thinned Eisenstein Fractal Antenna Array Using Multi-Objective Optimization for Wideband Performance Applied Sciences antenna array fractal array wideband evolutionary computing multi-objective optimization |
| title | Thinned Eisenstein Fractal Antenna Array Using Multi-Objective Optimization for Wideband Performance |
| title_full | Thinned Eisenstein Fractal Antenna Array Using Multi-Objective Optimization for Wideband Performance |
| title_fullStr | Thinned Eisenstein Fractal Antenna Array Using Multi-Objective Optimization for Wideband Performance |
| title_full_unstemmed | Thinned Eisenstein Fractal Antenna Array Using Multi-Objective Optimization for Wideband Performance |
| title_short | Thinned Eisenstein Fractal Antenna Array Using Multi-Objective Optimization for Wideband Performance |
| title_sort | thinned eisenstein fractal antenna array using multi objective optimization for wideband performance |
| topic | antenna array fractal array wideband evolutionary computing multi-objective optimization |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/10/5584 |
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