A Narrative Review of the Role of S-Glutathionylation in Bacteria
Protein glutathionylation is defined as a reversible, ubiquitous post-translational modification, resulting in the formation of mixed disulfides between glutathione and proteins’ cysteine residues. Glutathionylation has been implicated in several cellular mechanisms ranging from protection from oxid...
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MDPI AG
2025-02-01
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| author | Luca Federici Michele Masulli Vincenzo De Laurenzi Nerino Allocati |
| author_facet | Luca Federici Michele Masulli Vincenzo De Laurenzi Nerino Allocati |
| author_sort | Luca Federici |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Protein glutathionylation is defined as a reversible, ubiquitous post-translational modification, resulting in the formation of mixed disulfides between glutathione and proteins’ cysteine residues. Glutathionylation has been implicated in several cellular mechanisms ranging from protection from oxidative stress to the control of cellular homeostasis and the cell cycle. A significant body of research has examined the multifaceted effects of this post-translational modification under physiological conditions in eukaryotes, with a particular focus on its impact on the development of various diseases in humans. In contrast, the role of glutathionylation in prokaryotic organisms remains to be extensively investigated. However, there has been a recent increase in the number of studies investigating this issue, providing details about the role of glutathione and other related thiols as post-translational modifiers of selected bacterial proteins. It can be concluded that in addition to the classical role of such thiols in protecting against cysteine oxidation and consequent protein inactivation, many more specialized roles of glutathionylation in bacterial pathogenicity, virulence, interspecies competition and survival, and control of gene expression are emerging, and new ones may emerge in the future. In this short review, we aim to summarize the current state-of-the-art in this field of research. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-134bbbb25855408cb4fe94b7e8801f7f |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj-art-134bbbb25855408cb4fe94b7e8801f7f2025-08-20T01:48:53ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072025-02-0113352710.3390/microorganisms13030527A Narrative Review of the Role of S-Glutathionylation in BacteriaLuca Federici0Michele Masulli1Vincenzo De Laurenzi2Nerino Allocati3Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University “G. d’ Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, ItalyDepartment of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University “G. d’ Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, ItalyDepartment of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University “G. d’ Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, ItalyDepartment of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University “G. d’ Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, ItalyProtein glutathionylation is defined as a reversible, ubiquitous post-translational modification, resulting in the formation of mixed disulfides between glutathione and proteins’ cysteine residues. Glutathionylation has been implicated in several cellular mechanisms ranging from protection from oxidative stress to the control of cellular homeostasis and the cell cycle. A significant body of research has examined the multifaceted effects of this post-translational modification under physiological conditions in eukaryotes, with a particular focus on its impact on the development of various diseases in humans. In contrast, the role of glutathionylation in prokaryotic organisms remains to be extensively investigated. However, there has been a recent increase in the number of studies investigating this issue, providing details about the role of glutathione and other related thiols as post-translational modifiers of selected bacterial proteins. It can be concluded that in addition to the classical role of such thiols in protecting against cysteine oxidation and consequent protein inactivation, many more specialized roles of glutathionylation in bacterial pathogenicity, virulence, interspecies competition and survival, and control of gene expression are emerging, and new ones may emerge in the future. In this short review, we aim to summarize the current state-of-the-art in this field of research.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/3/527glutathioneGSHS-glutathionylationGS-ylationoxidative stresspost-translational modification |
| spellingShingle | Luca Federici Michele Masulli Vincenzo De Laurenzi Nerino Allocati A Narrative Review of the Role of S-Glutathionylation in Bacteria Microorganisms glutathione GSH S-glutathionylation GS-ylation oxidative stress post-translational modification |
| title | A Narrative Review of the Role of S-Glutathionylation in Bacteria |
| title_full | A Narrative Review of the Role of S-Glutathionylation in Bacteria |
| title_fullStr | A Narrative Review of the Role of S-Glutathionylation in Bacteria |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Narrative Review of the Role of S-Glutathionylation in Bacteria |
| title_short | A Narrative Review of the Role of S-Glutathionylation in Bacteria |
| title_sort | narrative review of the role of s glutathionylation in bacteria |
| topic | glutathione GSH S-glutathionylation GS-ylation oxidative stress post-translational modification |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/3/527 |
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