Prevalence and pattern of adverse events following COVID-19 vaccination among adult population in Sokoto metropolis, northwest, Nigeria.
<h4>Background</h4>COVID-19 still poses a major public health challenge worldwide and vaccination remains one of the major interventions to control the disease. Different types of vaccines approved by the World Health Organization (WHO) are currently in use across the world to protect ag...
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2025-01-01
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| Series: | PLoS ONE |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0277585 |
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| author | Habibullah Adamu Sufyanu Lawal Ishaka Alhaji Bawa Akilu Muhammad Sani Adamu Ahmed Adamu |
| author_facet | Habibullah Adamu Sufyanu Lawal Ishaka Alhaji Bawa Akilu Muhammad Sani Adamu Ahmed Adamu |
| author_sort | Habibullah Adamu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <h4>Background</h4>COVID-19 still poses a major public health challenge worldwide and vaccination remains one of the major interventions to control the disease. Different types of vaccines approved by the World Health Organization (WHO) are currently in use across the world to protect against the disease. This study assessed the prevalence and pattern of adverse events following immunization (AEFI) after receiving COVID-19 vaccine (the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine) among the adult population in Sokoto metropolis, North-west, Nigeria.<h4>Methods</h4>We conducted a cross-sectional study among 230 adults in Sokoto metropolis who received COVID-19 vaccines. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire administered via personal phone calls to respondents who were selected via a systematic sampling technique. For data analysis, IBM SPSS version 25.0 was used.<h4>Results</h4>The majority of the participants [183 (79.7%)] experienced AEFI. The most common adverse events were body weakness [157 (85%)], fever [111 (60.3%)] and headache [103 (56%)]. Up to half of the respondents that experienced AEFI said it occurred within minutes and a few hours, whereas 75 (40.8%) said it was within 2-3 days. Up to 66.3% of the adverse reactions were mild and lasted between a few hours (37.5%) and one day (31.5%); however, 15.2% of the respondents had severe reactions of which 22.7% were admitted to a health facility. The development of AEFI was linked to the presence of an underlying medical condition (p = 0.001), a previous history of AEFI (p = 0.017), and a history of drug reaction (p = 0.005).<h4>Conclusion</h4>The majority of respondents reported adverse events following vaccination with the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine; body weakness, fever, and headache being the most common AEFIs. History of underlying medical condition as well as a history of adverse drug reactions were predictors of the development of adverse reactions following COVID-19 vaccination. Service providers at each COVID-19 vaccination point should always take the time to explain to vaccine recipients that adverse reactions are possible; however, they should reassure them that most ARs resolve within a few hours to a few days. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-134a7f76c91f47f7ae2ec394987e8511 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1932-6203 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
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| spelling | doaj-art-134a7f76c91f47f7ae2ec394987e85112025-08-20T02:33:18ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032025-01-01203e027758510.1371/journal.pone.0277585Prevalence and pattern of adverse events following COVID-19 vaccination among adult population in Sokoto metropolis, northwest, Nigeria.Habibullah AdamuSufyanu LawalIshaka Alhaji BawaAkilu Muhammad SaniAdamu Ahmed Adamu<h4>Background</h4>COVID-19 still poses a major public health challenge worldwide and vaccination remains one of the major interventions to control the disease. Different types of vaccines approved by the World Health Organization (WHO) are currently in use across the world to protect against the disease. This study assessed the prevalence and pattern of adverse events following immunization (AEFI) after receiving COVID-19 vaccine (the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine) among the adult population in Sokoto metropolis, North-west, Nigeria.<h4>Methods</h4>We conducted a cross-sectional study among 230 adults in Sokoto metropolis who received COVID-19 vaccines. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire administered via personal phone calls to respondents who were selected via a systematic sampling technique. For data analysis, IBM SPSS version 25.0 was used.<h4>Results</h4>The majority of the participants [183 (79.7%)] experienced AEFI. The most common adverse events were body weakness [157 (85%)], fever [111 (60.3%)] and headache [103 (56%)]. Up to half of the respondents that experienced AEFI said it occurred within minutes and a few hours, whereas 75 (40.8%) said it was within 2-3 days. Up to 66.3% of the adverse reactions were mild and lasted between a few hours (37.5%) and one day (31.5%); however, 15.2% of the respondents had severe reactions of which 22.7% were admitted to a health facility. The development of AEFI was linked to the presence of an underlying medical condition (p = 0.001), a previous history of AEFI (p = 0.017), and a history of drug reaction (p = 0.005).<h4>Conclusion</h4>The majority of respondents reported adverse events following vaccination with the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine; body weakness, fever, and headache being the most common AEFIs. History of underlying medical condition as well as a history of adverse drug reactions were predictors of the development of adverse reactions following COVID-19 vaccination. Service providers at each COVID-19 vaccination point should always take the time to explain to vaccine recipients that adverse reactions are possible; however, they should reassure them that most ARs resolve within a few hours to a few days.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0277585 |
| spellingShingle | Habibullah Adamu Sufyanu Lawal Ishaka Alhaji Bawa Akilu Muhammad Sani Adamu Ahmed Adamu Prevalence and pattern of adverse events following COVID-19 vaccination among adult population in Sokoto metropolis, northwest, Nigeria. PLoS ONE |
| title | Prevalence and pattern of adverse events following COVID-19 vaccination among adult population in Sokoto metropolis, northwest, Nigeria. |
| title_full | Prevalence and pattern of adverse events following COVID-19 vaccination among adult population in Sokoto metropolis, northwest, Nigeria. |
| title_fullStr | Prevalence and pattern of adverse events following COVID-19 vaccination among adult population in Sokoto metropolis, northwest, Nigeria. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Prevalence and pattern of adverse events following COVID-19 vaccination among adult population in Sokoto metropolis, northwest, Nigeria. |
| title_short | Prevalence and pattern of adverse events following COVID-19 vaccination among adult population in Sokoto metropolis, northwest, Nigeria. |
| title_sort | prevalence and pattern of adverse events following covid 19 vaccination among adult population in sokoto metropolis northwest nigeria |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0277585 |
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