Research on the Mechanism of the Impact of Green View Index of Urban Streets on Thermal Environment: A Machine Learning-Driven Empirical Study in Hangzhou, China

This study investigates the relationship between Green View Index (GVI) and street thermal environment in Hangzhou’s main urban area during summer, quantifying urban greenery’s impact on diurnal/nocturnal thermal conditions to inform urban heat island mitigation strategies. Multi-source data (3D mor...

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Main Authors: Qiguan Wang, Yanjun Hu, Hai Yan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Atmosphere
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/16/5/617
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author Qiguan Wang
Yanjun Hu
Hai Yan
author_facet Qiguan Wang
Yanjun Hu
Hai Yan
author_sort Qiguan Wang
collection DOAJ
description This study investigates the relationship between Green View Index (GVI) and street thermal environment in Hangzhou’s main urban area during summer, quantifying urban greenery’s impact on diurnal/nocturnal thermal conditions to inform urban heat island mitigation strategies. Multi-source data (3D morphological metrics, LCZ classifications, mobile measurements) were integrated with deep learning-derived street-level GVI through image analysis. A random forest-multiple regression hybrid model evaluated spatiotemporal variations and GVI impacts across time, street orientation, and urban-rural gradients. Key findings include: (1) Urban street Ta prediction model: Daytime model: R<sup>2</sup> = 0.54, RMSE = 0.33 °C; Nighttime model: R<sup>2</sup> = 0.71, RMSE = 0.42 °C. (2) GVI shows significant inverse association with temperature, A 0.1 unit increase in GVI reduced temperatures by 0.124°C during the day and 0.020 °C at night. (3) Orientation effects: North–south streets exhibit strongest cooling (1.85 °C daytime reduction), followed by east–west; northeast–southwest layouts show negligible impact; (4) Canyon geometry: Low-aspect canyons (H/W < 1) enhance cooling efficiency, while high-aspect canyons (H/W > 2) retain nocturnal heat despite daytime cooling; (5) Urban-rural gradient: Cooling peaks in urban-fringe zones (10–15 km daytime, 15–20 km nighttime), contrasting with persistent nocturnal warmth in urban cores (0–5 km); (6) LCZ variability: Daytime cooling intensity peaks in LCZ3, nighttime in LCZ6. These findings offer scientific evidence and empirical support for urban thermal environment optimization strategies in urban planning and landscape design. We recommend dynamic coupling of street orientation, three-dimensional morphological characteristics, and vegetation configuration parameters to formulate differentiated thermal environment design guidelines, enabling precise alignment between mitigation measures and spatial context-specific features.
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spelling doaj-art-13483a4b197d44e7b7de69a400b841b82025-08-20T01:56:14ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332025-05-0116561710.3390/atmos16050617Research on the Mechanism of the Impact of Green View Index of Urban Streets on Thermal Environment: A Machine Learning-Driven Empirical Study in Hangzhou, ChinaQiguan Wang0Yanjun Hu1Hai Yan2School of Landscape and Architecture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, ChinaSchool of Landscape and Architecture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, ChinaSchool of Landscape and Architecture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, ChinaThis study investigates the relationship between Green View Index (GVI) and street thermal environment in Hangzhou’s main urban area during summer, quantifying urban greenery’s impact on diurnal/nocturnal thermal conditions to inform urban heat island mitigation strategies. Multi-source data (3D morphological metrics, LCZ classifications, mobile measurements) were integrated with deep learning-derived street-level GVI through image analysis. A random forest-multiple regression hybrid model evaluated spatiotemporal variations and GVI impacts across time, street orientation, and urban-rural gradients. Key findings include: (1) Urban street Ta prediction model: Daytime model: R<sup>2</sup> = 0.54, RMSE = 0.33 °C; Nighttime model: R<sup>2</sup> = 0.71, RMSE = 0.42 °C. (2) GVI shows significant inverse association with temperature, A 0.1 unit increase in GVI reduced temperatures by 0.124°C during the day and 0.020 °C at night. (3) Orientation effects: North–south streets exhibit strongest cooling (1.85 °C daytime reduction), followed by east–west; northeast–southwest layouts show negligible impact; (4) Canyon geometry: Low-aspect canyons (H/W < 1) enhance cooling efficiency, while high-aspect canyons (H/W > 2) retain nocturnal heat despite daytime cooling; (5) Urban-rural gradient: Cooling peaks in urban-fringe zones (10–15 km daytime, 15–20 km nighttime), contrasting with persistent nocturnal warmth in urban cores (0–5 km); (6) LCZ variability: Daytime cooling intensity peaks in LCZ3, nighttime in LCZ6. These findings offer scientific evidence and empirical support for urban thermal environment optimization strategies in urban planning and landscape design. We recommend dynamic coupling of street orientation, three-dimensional morphological characteristics, and vegetation configuration parameters to formulate differentiated thermal environment design guidelines, enabling precise alignment between mitigation measures and spatial context-specific features.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/16/5/617green view indexstreet thermal environmentheat island effect3D morphologymachine learning model
spellingShingle Qiguan Wang
Yanjun Hu
Hai Yan
Research on the Mechanism of the Impact of Green View Index of Urban Streets on Thermal Environment: A Machine Learning-Driven Empirical Study in Hangzhou, China
Atmosphere
green view index
street thermal environment
heat island effect
3D morphology
machine learning model
title Research on the Mechanism of the Impact of Green View Index of Urban Streets on Thermal Environment: A Machine Learning-Driven Empirical Study in Hangzhou, China
title_full Research on the Mechanism of the Impact of Green View Index of Urban Streets on Thermal Environment: A Machine Learning-Driven Empirical Study in Hangzhou, China
title_fullStr Research on the Mechanism of the Impact of Green View Index of Urban Streets on Thermal Environment: A Machine Learning-Driven Empirical Study in Hangzhou, China
title_full_unstemmed Research on the Mechanism of the Impact of Green View Index of Urban Streets on Thermal Environment: A Machine Learning-Driven Empirical Study in Hangzhou, China
title_short Research on the Mechanism of the Impact of Green View Index of Urban Streets on Thermal Environment: A Machine Learning-Driven Empirical Study in Hangzhou, China
title_sort research on the mechanism of the impact of green view index of urban streets on thermal environment a machine learning driven empirical study in hangzhou china
topic green view index
street thermal environment
heat island effect
3D morphology
machine learning model
url https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/16/5/617
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AT yanjunhu researchonthemechanismoftheimpactofgreenviewindexofurbanstreetsonthermalenvironmentamachinelearningdrivenempiricalstudyinhangzhouchina
AT haiyan researchonthemechanismoftheimpactofgreenviewindexofurbanstreetsonthermalenvironmentamachinelearningdrivenempiricalstudyinhangzhouchina