Reversible Data Hiding in Absolute Moment Block Truncation Codes via Arithmetical and Logical Differential Coding
To reduce bandwidth usage in communications, absolute moment block truncation coding is employed to compress cover images. Confidential data are embedded into compressed images using reversible data-hiding technology for purposes such as image management, annotation, or authentication. As data size...
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MDPI AG
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Cryptography |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2410-387X/9/1/4 |
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| author | Ching-Chun Chang Yijie Lin Jui-Chuan Liu Chin-Chen Chang |
| author_facet | Ching-Chun Chang Yijie Lin Jui-Chuan Liu Chin-Chen Chang |
| author_sort | Ching-Chun Chang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | To reduce bandwidth usage in communications, absolute moment block truncation coding is employed to compress cover images. Confidential data are embedded into compressed images using reversible data-hiding technology for purposes such as image management, annotation, or authentication. As data size increases, enhancing embedding capacity becomes essential to accommodate larger volumes of secret data without compromising image quality or reversibility. Instead of using conventional absolute moment block truncation coding to encode each image block, this work proposes an effective reversible data-hiding scheme that enhances the embedding results by utilizing the traditional set of values: a bitmap, a high value, and a low value. In addition to the traditional set of values, a value is calculated using arithmetical differential coding and may be used for embedding. A process involving joint neighborhood coding and logical differential coding is applied to conceal the secret data in two of the three value tables, depending on the embedding capacity evaluation. An indicator is recorded to specify which two values are involved in the embedding process. The embedded secret data can be correctly extracted using a corresponding two-stage extraction process based on the indicator. To defeat the state-of-the-art scheme, bitmaps are also used as carriers in our scheme yet are compacted even more with Huffman coding. To reconstruct the original image, the low and high values of each block are reconstructed after data extraction. Experimental results show that our proposed scheme typically achieves an embedding rate exceeding 30%, surpassing the latest research by more than 2%. Our scheme reaches outstanding embedding rates while allowing the image to be perfectly restored to its original absolute moment block truncation coding form. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-133e61a25d8d4a58acbc7d7254f89109 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2410-387X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cryptography |
| spelling | doaj-art-133e61a25d8d4a58acbc7d7254f891092025-08-20T02:42:42ZengMDPI AGCryptography2410-387X2024-12-0191410.3390/cryptography9010004Reversible Data Hiding in Absolute Moment Block Truncation Codes via Arithmetical and Logical Differential CodingChing-Chun Chang0Yijie Lin1Jui-Chuan Liu2Chin-Chen Chang3Information and Communication Security Research Center, Feng Chia University, Taichung 40724, TaiwanDepartment of Information Engineering and Computer Science, Feng Chia University, Taichung 40724, TaiwanDepartment of Information Engineering and Computer Science, Feng Chia University, Taichung 40724, TaiwanDepartment of Information Engineering and Computer Science, Feng Chia University, Taichung 40724, TaiwanTo reduce bandwidth usage in communications, absolute moment block truncation coding is employed to compress cover images. Confidential data are embedded into compressed images using reversible data-hiding technology for purposes such as image management, annotation, or authentication. As data size increases, enhancing embedding capacity becomes essential to accommodate larger volumes of secret data without compromising image quality or reversibility. Instead of using conventional absolute moment block truncation coding to encode each image block, this work proposes an effective reversible data-hiding scheme that enhances the embedding results by utilizing the traditional set of values: a bitmap, a high value, and a low value. In addition to the traditional set of values, a value is calculated using arithmetical differential coding and may be used for embedding. A process involving joint neighborhood coding and logical differential coding is applied to conceal the secret data in two of the three value tables, depending on the embedding capacity evaluation. An indicator is recorded to specify which two values are involved in the embedding process. The embedded secret data can be correctly extracted using a corresponding two-stage extraction process based on the indicator. To defeat the state-of-the-art scheme, bitmaps are also used as carriers in our scheme yet are compacted even more with Huffman coding. To reconstruct the original image, the low and high values of each block are reconstructed after data extraction. Experimental results show that our proposed scheme typically achieves an embedding rate exceeding 30%, surpassing the latest research by more than 2%. Our scheme reaches outstanding embedding rates while allowing the image to be perfectly restored to its original absolute moment block truncation coding form.https://www.mdpi.com/2410-387X/9/1/4reversible data hidingabsolute moment block truncation codingjoint neighborhood codingXOR operationHuffman coding |
| spellingShingle | Ching-Chun Chang Yijie Lin Jui-Chuan Liu Chin-Chen Chang Reversible Data Hiding in Absolute Moment Block Truncation Codes via Arithmetical and Logical Differential Coding Cryptography reversible data hiding absolute moment block truncation coding joint neighborhood coding XOR operation Huffman coding |
| title | Reversible Data Hiding in Absolute Moment Block Truncation Codes via Arithmetical and Logical Differential Coding |
| title_full | Reversible Data Hiding in Absolute Moment Block Truncation Codes via Arithmetical and Logical Differential Coding |
| title_fullStr | Reversible Data Hiding in Absolute Moment Block Truncation Codes via Arithmetical and Logical Differential Coding |
| title_full_unstemmed | Reversible Data Hiding in Absolute Moment Block Truncation Codes via Arithmetical and Logical Differential Coding |
| title_short | Reversible Data Hiding in Absolute Moment Block Truncation Codes via Arithmetical and Logical Differential Coding |
| title_sort | reversible data hiding in absolute moment block truncation codes via arithmetical and logical differential coding |
| topic | reversible data hiding absolute moment block truncation coding joint neighborhood coding XOR operation Huffman coding |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2410-387X/9/1/4 |
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