Selected microwave irradiation effectively inactivates airborne avian influenza A(H5N1) virus
Abstract The highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus threatens animal and human health globally. Innovative strategies are crucial for mitigating risks associated with airborne transmission and preventing outbreaks. In this study, we sought to investigate the efficacy of microwave inactivati...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-85376-6 |
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| author | Pietro Bia Margherita Losardo Antonio Manna Silvio Brusaferro Gaetano P. Privitera Alberto Sangiovanni Vincentelli |
| author_facet | Pietro Bia Margherita Losardo Antonio Manna Silvio Brusaferro Gaetano P. Privitera Alberto Sangiovanni Vincentelli |
| author_sort | Pietro Bia |
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| description | Abstract The highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus threatens animal and human health globally. Innovative strategies are crucial for mitigating risks associated with airborne transmission and preventing outbreaks. In this study, we sought to investigate the efficacy of microwave inactivation against aerosolized A(H5N1) virus by identifying the optimal frequency band for a 10-min exposure and evaluating the impact of varying exposure times on virus inactivation. A(H5N1) was aerosolized and exposed to various microwave frequencies ranging from 8 to 16 GHz for a duration of 10 min. Viral titers were quantified using TCID50, and inactivation was assessed by comparing irradiated samples to controls. The 11–13 GHz band yielded the highest inactivation, with an average 89% mean reduction in A(H5N1) titer, particularly within the 11–12 GHz range, which exhibited peak efficacy. Based on the overall results, the optimal frequency band (8–12 GHz) was further tested with exposure durations of 1, 3, and 5 min. Inactivation was time-dependent, with a 5-minute exposure resulting in a 94% mean reduction, compared to 58% and 48% for 3- and 1-minute exposures, respectively. We conclude that optimized microwave emitters in high-risk environments like poultry farms and veterinary clinics could offer a novel, non-chemical approach to mitigating avian influenza spread and outbreaks. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-133af46c59744ce198092d2f5af22cce |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
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| spelling | doaj-art-133af46c59744ce198092d2f5af22cce2025-01-19T12:23:01ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-01-011511910.1038/s41598-025-85376-6Selected microwave irradiation effectively inactivates airborne avian influenza A(H5N1) virusPietro Bia0Margherita Losardo1Antonio Manna2Silvio Brusaferro3Gaetano P. Privitera4Alberto Sangiovanni Vincentelli5Elettronica S.p.AElettronica S.p.AElettronica S.p.ADepartment of Medicine, University of UdineDepartment of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of PisaThe Edgar L. and Harold H. Buttner Chair of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of CaliforniaAbstract The highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus threatens animal and human health globally. Innovative strategies are crucial for mitigating risks associated with airborne transmission and preventing outbreaks. In this study, we sought to investigate the efficacy of microwave inactivation against aerosolized A(H5N1) virus by identifying the optimal frequency band for a 10-min exposure and evaluating the impact of varying exposure times on virus inactivation. A(H5N1) was aerosolized and exposed to various microwave frequencies ranging from 8 to 16 GHz for a duration of 10 min. Viral titers were quantified using TCID50, and inactivation was assessed by comparing irradiated samples to controls. The 11–13 GHz band yielded the highest inactivation, with an average 89% mean reduction in A(H5N1) titer, particularly within the 11–12 GHz range, which exhibited peak efficacy. Based on the overall results, the optimal frequency band (8–12 GHz) was further tested with exposure durations of 1, 3, and 5 min. Inactivation was time-dependent, with a 5-minute exposure resulting in a 94% mean reduction, compared to 58% and 48% for 3- and 1-minute exposures, respectively. We conclude that optimized microwave emitters in high-risk environments like poultry farms and veterinary clinics could offer a novel, non-chemical approach to mitigating avian influenza spread and outbreaks.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-85376-6Avian influenzaA(H5N1) virusRadiated microwavesFrequency bandsExposure time |
| spellingShingle | Pietro Bia Margherita Losardo Antonio Manna Silvio Brusaferro Gaetano P. Privitera Alberto Sangiovanni Vincentelli Selected microwave irradiation effectively inactivates airborne avian influenza A(H5N1) virus Scientific Reports Avian influenza A(H5N1) virus Radiated microwaves Frequency bands Exposure time |
| title | Selected microwave irradiation effectively inactivates airborne avian influenza A(H5N1) virus |
| title_full | Selected microwave irradiation effectively inactivates airborne avian influenza A(H5N1) virus |
| title_fullStr | Selected microwave irradiation effectively inactivates airborne avian influenza A(H5N1) virus |
| title_full_unstemmed | Selected microwave irradiation effectively inactivates airborne avian influenza A(H5N1) virus |
| title_short | Selected microwave irradiation effectively inactivates airborne avian influenza A(H5N1) virus |
| title_sort | selected microwave irradiation effectively inactivates airborne avian influenza a h5n1 virus |
| topic | Avian influenza A(H5N1) virus Radiated microwaves Frequency bands Exposure time |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-85376-6 |
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