Factors associated with hypertension among persons living with HIV in Mombasa County, Kenya

Introduction: Hypertension has been reported to be on the rise among persons living with HIV (PLHIV) with a global and highest recorded Kenya prevalence of 35% and 18% respectively in 2021. Identification of context-specific hypertension-associated factors among PLHIV is needed to design targeted in...

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Main Authors: Faith Nthoki Mudachi, Samson Ndege, Ahmed Abade, Maurice Owiny, Vincent Ganu, Eric Osoro
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: African Field Epidemiology Network 2025-05-01
Series:Journal of Interventional Epidemiology and Public Health
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Online Access:https://afenet-journal.org/factors-associated-with-hypertension-among-persons-living-with-hiv-in-mombasa-county-kenya/
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author Faith Nthoki Mudachi
Samson Ndege
Ahmed Abade
Maurice Owiny
Vincent Ganu
Eric Osoro
author_facet Faith Nthoki Mudachi
Samson Ndege
Ahmed Abade
Maurice Owiny
Vincent Ganu
Eric Osoro
author_sort Faith Nthoki Mudachi
collection DOAJ
description Introduction: Hypertension has been reported to be on the rise among persons living with HIV (PLHIV) with a global and highest recorded Kenya prevalence of 35% and 18% respectively in 2021. Identification of context-specific hypertension-associated factors among PLHIV is needed to design targeted interventions. We sought to determine the factors associated with hypertension among PLHIV in Mombasa, Kenya. Methods: A cross-sectional study using a standardized questionnaire was conducted among adult PLHIV in the Comprehensive Care Clinics in Mombasa County, Kenya from December 2021 to February 2022. Hypertension was defined as having two or more blood pressure readings of ≥140/90mmHg. Prevalence ratio (P.R), and Adjusted Prevalence Ratio (A.P.R) were calculated to determine the associated factors of hypertension. Results: A total of 235 participants were enrolled with a mean age of 42.8±10.7 years. About 71% (167/235) of the patients were female, and the age group 35–44 years was at 35%. The prevalence of hypertension among PLHIV was 25%. Factors identified to be independently associated with hypertension were having a body mass index (BMI) 25–29.9 (A.P.R: 2.41, 95%CI: 1.30–4.42), BMI≥30 (A.P.R: 3.37 95% CI: 1.69–6.73) and use of tenofovir-based antiretroviral regimen (A.P.R: 0.32, 95%CI: 0.17–0.60). Conclusion: The prevalence of hypertension among PLHIV in Mombasa was higher than previous recorded findings. One of the key risk factors for hypertension was having an elevated BMI. Weight monitoring and management as well as tenofovir-based therapy are recommended among PLHIV to reduce their risk of developing hypertension.
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spelling doaj-art-131b191087d34ca59ea564cc811aef0d2025-08-20T03:10:31ZengAfrican Field Epidemiology NetworkJournal of Interventional Epidemiology and Public Health2664-28242025-05-0182https://doi.org/10.37432/jieph.supp.2025.8.2.12.14Factors associated with hypertension among persons living with HIV in Mombasa County, KenyaFaith Nthoki Mudachi0Samson Ndege1Ahmed Abade2Maurice Owiny3Vincent Ganu4Eric Osoro5Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Nairobi, Kenya; County Government of Kiambu, KenyaMoi University, KenyaField Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Nairobi, KenyaField Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Nairobi, KenyaDepartment of Medicine, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, GhanaWashington State University, KenyaIntroduction: Hypertension has been reported to be on the rise among persons living with HIV (PLHIV) with a global and highest recorded Kenya prevalence of 35% and 18% respectively in 2021. Identification of context-specific hypertension-associated factors among PLHIV is needed to design targeted interventions. We sought to determine the factors associated with hypertension among PLHIV in Mombasa, Kenya. Methods: A cross-sectional study using a standardized questionnaire was conducted among adult PLHIV in the Comprehensive Care Clinics in Mombasa County, Kenya from December 2021 to February 2022. Hypertension was defined as having two or more blood pressure readings of ≥140/90mmHg. Prevalence ratio (P.R), and Adjusted Prevalence Ratio (A.P.R) were calculated to determine the associated factors of hypertension. Results: A total of 235 participants were enrolled with a mean age of 42.8±10.7 years. About 71% (167/235) of the patients were female, and the age group 35–44 years was at 35%. The prevalence of hypertension among PLHIV was 25%. Factors identified to be independently associated with hypertension were having a body mass index (BMI) 25–29.9 (A.P.R: 2.41, 95%CI: 1.30–4.42), BMI≥30 (A.P.R: 3.37 95% CI: 1.69–6.73) and use of tenofovir-based antiretroviral regimen (A.P.R: 0.32, 95%CI: 0.17–0.60). Conclusion: The prevalence of hypertension among PLHIV in Mombasa was higher than previous recorded findings. One of the key risk factors for hypertension was having an elevated BMI. Weight monitoring and management as well as tenofovir-based therapy are recommended among PLHIV to reduce their risk of developing hypertension.https://afenet-journal.org/factors-associated-with-hypertension-among-persons-living-with-hiv-in-mombasa-county-kenya/hypertensionhivprevalencekenyabody mass index
spellingShingle Faith Nthoki Mudachi
Samson Ndege
Ahmed Abade
Maurice Owiny
Vincent Ganu
Eric Osoro
Factors associated with hypertension among persons living with HIV in Mombasa County, Kenya
Journal of Interventional Epidemiology and Public Health
hypertension
hiv
prevalence
kenya
body mass index
title Factors associated with hypertension among persons living with HIV in Mombasa County, Kenya
title_full Factors associated with hypertension among persons living with HIV in Mombasa County, Kenya
title_fullStr Factors associated with hypertension among persons living with HIV in Mombasa County, Kenya
title_full_unstemmed Factors associated with hypertension among persons living with HIV in Mombasa County, Kenya
title_short Factors associated with hypertension among persons living with HIV in Mombasa County, Kenya
title_sort factors associated with hypertension among persons living with hiv in mombasa county kenya
topic hypertension
hiv
prevalence
kenya
body mass index
url https://afenet-journal.org/factors-associated-with-hypertension-among-persons-living-with-hiv-in-mombasa-county-kenya/
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