A systematic review of research on nontraditional students reveals inconsistent definitions and a need for clarity: focus on U.S. based studies

BackgroundThe term “nontraditional students” (NTS) is widely used in higher education research, but its definition varies across studies.ObjectivesThis systematic literature review aims to examine how researchers define NTS in U.S.-based studies and identify potential definitional issues.MethodsWe c...

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Main Authors: Cory Brozina, Aditya Johri, Alanis Chew
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2024-12-01
Series:Frontiers in Education
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feduc.2024.1434494/full
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author Cory Brozina
Aditya Johri
Alanis Chew
author_facet Cory Brozina
Aditya Johri
Alanis Chew
author_sort Cory Brozina
collection DOAJ
description BackgroundThe term “nontraditional students” (NTS) is widely used in higher education research, but its definition varies across studies.ObjectivesThis systematic literature review aims to examine how researchers define NTS in U.S.-based studies and identify potential definitional issues.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review following PRISMA guidelines, searching EBSCO databases (Education Research Complete, Education Full Text, and ERIC) for peer-reviewed articles published between 2018 and 2022. We analyzed 65 papers that met our inclusion criteria to assess the definitions used for NTS. In this systematic literature review we focus on the definitional issues related to how researchers use the term nontraditional students in US-based studies. We review 65 papers from search results containing 432 papers to understand how researchers define nontraditional students. Of the 65 papers reviewed fully, 33 papers included a specific definition of nontraditional students, 15 included an unspecified definition of nontraditional students, and 17 papers did not include a clear definition at all. Our work suggests that researchers use a clearer definition, such as from the NCES, to define nontraditional students and focus their attention on the seven categories given by NCES.
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spelling doaj-art-130811c7ccbe4fab965459013b310ad32025-08-20T02:39:08ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Education2504-284X2024-12-01910.3389/feduc.2024.14344941434494A systematic review of research on nontraditional students reveals inconsistent definitions and a need for clarity: focus on U.S. based studiesCory Brozina0Aditya Johri1Alanis Chew2Rayen School of Engineering, Youngstown State University, Youngstown, OH, United StatesDepartment of Information Sciences and Technology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United StatesRayen School of Engineering, Youngstown State University, Youngstown, OH, United StatesBackgroundThe term “nontraditional students” (NTS) is widely used in higher education research, but its definition varies across studies.ObjectivesThis systematic literature review aims to examine how researchers define NTS in U.S.-based studies and identify potential definitional issues.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review following PRISMA guidelines, searching EBSCO databases (Education Research Complete, Education Full Text, and ERIC) for peer-reviewed articles published between 2018 and 2022. We analyzed 65 papers that met our inclusion criteria to assess the definitions used for NTS. In this systematic literature review we focus on the definitional issues related to how researchers use the term nontraditional students in US-based studies. We review 65 papers from search results containing 432 papers to understand how researchers define nontraditional students. Of the 65 papers reviewed fully, 33 papers included a specific definition of nontraditional students, 15 included an unspecified definition of nontraditional students, and 17 papers did not include a clear definition at all. Our work suggests that researchers use a clearer definition, such as from the NCES, to define nontraditional students and focus their attention on the seven categories given by NCES.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feduc.2024.1434494/fullnontraditional studentssystematic literature reviewUS-baseddefinitional issuesresearch
spellingShingle Cory Brozina
Aditya Johri
Alanis Chew
A systematic review of research on nontraditional students reveals inconsistent definitions and a need for clarity: focus on U.S. based studies
Frontiers in Education
nontraditional students
systematic literature review
US-based
definitional issues
research
title A systematic review of research on nontraditional students reveals inconsistent definitions and a need for clarity: focus on U.S. based studies
title_full A systematic review of research on nontraditional students reveals inconsistent definitions and a need for clarity: focus on U.S. based studies
title_fullStr A systematic review of research on nontraditional students reveals inconsistent definitions and a need for clarity: focus on U.S. based studies
title_full_unstemmed A systematic review of research on nontraditional students reveals inconsistent definitions and a need for clarity: focus on U.S. based studies
title_short A systematic review of research on nontraditional students reveals inconsistent definitions and a need for clarity: focus on U.S. based studies
title_sort systematic review of research on nontraditional students reveals inconsistent definitions and a need for clarity focus on u s based studies
topic nontraditional students
systematic literature review
US-based
definitional issues
research
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feduc.2024.1434494/full
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