A Glimpse of Satellite Galaxies in the Milky Way with the 2.5 m Wide Field Survey Telescope (WFST): Boötes III and Draco
We carry out deep imaging of the Milky Way satellite galaxies, Boötes III and Draco, with the Wide Field Survey Telescope (WFST) as one pilot observing program to demonstrate the capability of WFST. Combining catalogs with PS1 DR2 and Gaia DR3, we derive proper motions for candidate member stars in...
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2025-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ade78e |
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| author | Chao Yang Zhizheng Pan Min Fang Xian Zhong Zheng Binyang Liu Guoliang Li Tian-Rui Sun Ji-An Jiang Miaomiao Zhang Zhen Wan Shuang Liu Han Qu Ji Yang Xu Kong Wenhao Liu Yiping Shu Jiang Chang Tinggui Wang Lulu Fan Yongquan Xue Wentao Luo Hongxin Zhang Zheng Lou Haibin Zhao Bin Li Hairen Wang Dazhi Yao Jian Wang Hongfei Zhang Feng Li Hao Liu Ming Liang Jinlong Tang Yuheng Zhang Man Qiao Run Wen Zongfei Lyu |
| author_facet | Chao Yang Zhizheng Pan Min Fang Xian Zhong Zheng Binyang Liu Guoliang Li Tian-Rui Sun Ji-An Jiang Miaomiao Zhang Zhen Wan Shuang Liu Han Qu Ji Yang Xu Kong Wenhao Liu Yiping Shu Jiang Chang Tinggui Wang Lulu Fan Yongquan Xue Wentao Luo Hongxin Zhang Zheng Lou Haibin Zhao Bin Li Hairen Wang Dazhi Yao Jian Wang Hongfei Zhang Feng Li Hao Liu Ming Liang Jinlong Tang Yuheng Zhang Man Qiao Run Wen Zongfei Lyu |
| author_sort | Chao Yang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We carry out deep imaging of the Milky Way satellite galaxies, Boötes III and Draco, with the Wide Field Survey Telescope (WFST) as one pilot observing program to demonstrate the capability of WFST. Combining catalogs with PS1 DR2 and Gaia DR3, we derive proper motions for candidate member stars in these two satellite galaxies over a 12 yr time baseline, yielding uncertainties of ∼1.8 mas yr ^−1 at 21 mag and ∼3.0 mas yr ^−1 at 22 mag in the r band. The proper motions derived from bright and faint stars are consistent, indicating no significant variation in proper motion across stellar luminosity as these galaxies undergo tidal interactions with the Milky Way (MW). Meanwhile, we suggest that Boötes III represents the bound remnant of the progenitor galaxy that gave rise to the Styx stream, as evidenced by its elongated density profile and overdensity in both spatial and kinematic space. This is the first paper to use WFST to measure the proper motions of faint stars in MW satellite galaxies. More detailed analyses will be presented in forthcoming papers from the wide field survey program. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-1305c06db1254298beac6aedb7c2c7af |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1538-4357 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Astrophysical Journal |
| spelling | doaj-art-1305c06db1254298beac6aedb7c2c7af2025-08-20T02:50:53ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572025-01-01988219910.3847/1538-4357/ade78eA Glimpse of Satellite Galaxies in the Milky Way with the 2.5 m Wide Field Survey Telescope (WFST): Boötes III and DracoChao Yang0https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5171-3723Zhizheng Pan1Min Fang2Xian Zhong Zheng3https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3728-9912Binyang Liu4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0561-7937Guoliang Li5Tian-Rui Sun6https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1166-3814Ji-An Jiang7https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9092-0593Miaomiao Zhang8https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6388-649XZhen Wan9Shuang Liu10https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0623-4022Han Qu11Ji Yang12https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7768-7320Xu Kong13https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7660-2273Wenhao Liu14https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5549-8510Yiping Shu15https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9063-698XJiang Chang16Tinggui Wang17https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1517-6792Lulu Fan18https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4200-4432Yongquan Xue19https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1935-8104Wentao Luo20https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1297-6142Hongxin Zhang21https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1632-2541Zheng Lou22Haibin Zhao23Bin Li24Hairen Wang25Dazhi Yao26Jian Wang27Hongfei Zhang28Feng Li29Hao Liu30Ming Liang31Jinlong Tang32Yuheng Zhang33Man Qiao34Run Wen35https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8705-6327Zongfei Lyu36Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic of China ; panzz@pmo.ac.cn; School of Astronomy and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of ChinaPurple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic of China ; panzz@pmo.ac.cn; School of Astronomy and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of ChinaPurple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic of China ; panzz@pmo.ac.cn; School of Astronomy and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of ChinaPurple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic of China ; panzz@pmo.ac.cn; Tsung-Dao Lee Institute and State Key Laboratory of Dark Matter Physics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai, 201210, People’s Republic of ChinaPurple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic of China ; panzz@pmo.ac.cnPurple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic of China ; panzz@pmo.ac.cn; School of Astronomy and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of ChinaPurple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic of China ; panzz@pmo.ac.cnSchool of Astronomy and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of China; Department of Astronomy, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of China; National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, National Institutes of Natural Sciences , Tokyo 181-8588, JapanPurple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic of China ; panzz@pmo.ac.cnSchool of Astronomy and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of China; Department of Astronomy, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of ChinaPurple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic of China ; panzz@pmo.ac.cn; School of Astronomy and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of ChinaPurple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic of China ; panzz@pmo.ac.cn; School of Astronomy and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of ChinaPurple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic of China ; panzz@pmo.ac.cn; School of Astronomy and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of ChinaSchool of Astronomy and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of China; Department of Astronomy, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of China; Institute of Deep Space Sciences , Deep Space Exploration Laboratory, Hefei, 230026, People’s Republic of ChinaPurple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic of China ; panzz@pmo.ac.cn; School of Astronomy and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of ChinaPurple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic of China ; panzz@pmo.ac.cn; School of Astronomy and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of ChinaPurple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic of China ; panzz@pmo.ac.cn; School of Astronomy and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of ChinaSchool of Astronomy and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of China; Department of Astronomy, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of China; Institute of Deep Space Sciences , Deep Space Exploration Laboratory, Hefei, 230026, People’s Republic of ChinaSchool of Astronomy and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of China; Department of Astronomy, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of China; Institute of Deep Space Sciences , Deep Space Exploration Laboratory, Hefei, 230026, People’s Republic of ChinaSchool of Astronomy and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of China; Department of Astronomy, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of ChinaInstitute of Deep Space Sciences , Deep Space Exploration Laboratory, Hefei, 230026, People’s Republic of ChinaDepartment of Astronomy, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of China; CAS Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology, Department of Astronomy, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, 230026, People’s Republic of ChinaPurple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic of China ; panzz@pmo.ac.cnPurple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic of China ; panzz@pmo.ac.cn; School of Astronomy and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of ChinaPurple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic of China ; panzz@pmo.ac.cnPurple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic of China ; panzz@pmo.ac.cnPurple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic of China ; panzz@pmo.ac.cnInstitute of Deep Space Sciences , Deep Space Exploration Laboratory, Hefei, 230026, People’s Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of ChinaState Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of ChinaState Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of ChinaState Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of ChinaNational Optical Astronomy Observatory (NSF’s National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory) , 950 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85726, USAInstitute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chengdu 610209, People’s Republic of ChinaPurple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic of China ; panzz@pmo.ac.cn; School of Astronomy and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of ChinaPurple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic of China ; panzz@pmo.ac.cn; School of Astronomy and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of ChinaPurple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic of China ; panzz@pmo.ac.cn; School of Astronomy and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of ChinaPurple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic of China ; panzz@pmo.ac.cn; School of Astronomy and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of ChinaWe carry out deep imaging of the Milky Way satellite galaxies, Boötes III and Draco, with the Wide Field Survey Telescope (WFST) as one pilot observing program to demonstrate the capability of WFST. Combining catalogs with PS1 DR2 and Gaia DR3, we derive proper motions for candidate member stars in these two satellite galaxies over a 12 yr time baseline, yielding uncertainties of ∼1.8 mas yr ^−1 at 21 mag and ∼3.0 mas yr ^−1 at 22 mag in the r band. The proper motions derived from bright and faint stars are consistent, indicating no significant variation in proper motion across stellar luminosity as these galaxies undergo tidal interactions with the Milky Way (MW). Meanwhile, we suggest that Boötes III represents the bound remnant of the progenitor galaxy that gave rise to the Styx stream, as evidenced by its elongated density profile and overdensity in both spatial and kinematic space. This is the first paper to use WFST to measure the proper motions of faint stars in MW satellite galaxies. More detailed analyses will be presented in forthcoming papers from the wide field survey program.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ade78eDwarf galaxiesGalaxiesGalactic and extragalactic astronomy |
| spellingShingle | Chao Yang Zhizheng Pan Min Fang Xian Zhong Zheng Binyang Liu Guoliang Li Tian-Rui Sun Ji-An Jiang Miaomiao Zhang Zhen Wan Shuang Liu Han Qu Ji Yang Xu Kong Wenhao Liu Yiping Shu Jiang Chang Tinggui Wang Lulu Fan Yongquan Xue Wentao Luo Hongxin Zhang Zheng Lou Haibin Zhao Bin Li Hairen Wang Dazhi Yao Jian Wang Hongfei Zhang Feng Li Hao Liu Ming Liang Jinlong Tang Yuheng Zhang Man Qiao Run Wen Zongfei Lyu A Glimpse of Satellite Galaxies in the Milky Way with the 2.5 m Wide Field Survey Telescope (WFST): Boötes III and Draco The Astrophysical Journal Dwarf galaxies Galaxies Galactic and extragalactic astronomy |
| title | A Glimpse of Satellite Galaxies in the Milky Way with the 2.5 m Wide Field Survey Telescope (WFST): Boötes III and Draco |
| title_full | A Glimpse of Satellite Galaxies in the Milky Way with the 2.5 m Wide Field Survey Telescope (WFST): Boötes III and Draco |
| title_fullStr | A Glimpse of Satellite Galaxies in the Milky Way with the 2.5 m Wide Field Survey Telescope (WFST): Boötes III and Draco |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Glimpse of Satellite Galaxies in the Milky Way with the 2.5 m Wide Field Survey Telescope (WFST): Boötes III and Draco |
| title_short | A Glimpse of Satellite Galaxies in the Milky Way with the 2.5 m Wide Field Survey Telescope (WFST): Boötes III and Draco |
| title_sort | glimpse of satellite galaxies in the milky way with the 2 5 m wide field survey telescope wfst bootes iii and draco |
| topic | Dwarf galaxies Galaxies Galactic and extragalactic astronomy |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ade78e |
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