Simple and Cost-Effective Design of a THz-Metamaterial-Based Hybrid Sensor on a Single Substrate

This study presents a cost-effective Hybrid Metamaterial Absorber (HMA) featuring a simple circular-patterned cylindrical design, comprising an indium antimonide (InSb) resonator on a thin copper sheet. Through numerical simulations, we demonstrate that the structure exhibits temperature-tunable pro...

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Main Authors: Uddipan Nath, Sagnik Banerjee, Carlo Santini, Rocco Citroni, Fabio Mangini, Fabrizio Frezza
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Sensors
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/12/3660
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author Uddipan Nath
Sagnik Banerjee
Carlo Santini
Rocco Citroni
Fabio Mangini
Fabrizio Frezza
author_facet Uddipan Nath
Sagnik Banerjee
Carlo Santini
Rocco Citroni
Fabio Mangini
Fabrizio Frezza
author_sort Uddipan Nath
collection DOAJ
description This study presents a cost-effective Hybrid Metamaterial Absorber (HMA) featuring a simple circular-patterned cylindrical design, comprising an indium antimonide (InSb) resonator on a thin copper sheet. Through numerical simulations, we demonstrate that the structure exhibits temperature-tunable properties and refractive index sensitivity. At 300 K (refractive index = 1), a peak absorption of 99.94% is achieved at 1.797 THz. Efficient operation is observed across a 40 K temperature range and a refractive index spectrum of 1.00–1.05, relevant for thermal imaging and spatial bio-sensing. The simulated temperature sensing sensitivity is 13.07 GHz/K, and the refractive index sensitivity is 1146 GHz/RIU. Parametric analyses reveal tunable absorption through adjustments of the InSb resonator design parameters. Owing to its high efficiency and sensitivity demonstrated in simulations, this HMA shows promise for sensing applications in biotechnology, semiconductor fabrication, and energy harvesting.
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institution Kabale University
issn 1424-8220
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publishDate 2025-06-01
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series Sensors
spelling doaj-art-1303f6a8d816485a96ef6e98f090534f2025-08-20T03:29:47ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202025-06-012512366010.3390/s25123660Simple and Cost-Effective Design of a THz-Metamaterial-Based Hybrid Sensor on a Single SubstrateUddipan Nath0Sagnik Banerjee1Carlo Santini2Rocco Citroni3Fabio Mangini4Fabrizio Frezza5ICT and Internet Engineering, Department of Electronics Engineering, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications (DIET), Sapienza University of Rome, 00184 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications (DIET), Sapienza University of Rome, 00184 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications (DIET), Sapienza University of Rome, 00184 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Engineering, Niccolò Cusano University, 00166 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications (DIET), Sapienza University of Rome, 00184 Rome, ItalyThis study presents a cost-effective Hybrid Metamaterial Absorber (HMA) featuring a simple circular-patterned cylindrical design, comprising an indium antimonide (InSb) resonator on a thin copper sheet. Through numerical simulations, we demonstrate that the structure exhibits temperature-tunable properties and refractive index sensitivity. At 300 K (refractive index = 1), a peak absorption of 99.94% is achieved at 1.797 THz. Efficient operation is observed across a 40 K temperature range and a refractive index spectrum of 1.00–1.05, relevant for thermal imaging and spatial bio-sensing. The simulated temperature sensing sensitivity is 13.07 GHz/K, and the refractive index sensitivity is 1146 GHz/RIU. Parametric analyses reveal tunable absorption through adjustments of the InSb resonator design parameters. Owing to its high efficiency and sensitivity demonstrated in simulations, this HMA shows promise for sensing applications in biotechnology, semiconductor fabrication, and energy harvesting.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/12/3660metamaterialtemperature sensorrefractive index sensorabsorber
spellingShingle Uddipan Nath
Sagnik Banerjee
Carlo Santini
Rocco Citroni
Fabio Mangini
Fabrizio Frezza
Simple and Cost-Effective Design of a THz-Metamaterial-Based Hybrid Sensor on a Single Substrate
Sensors
metamaterial
temperature sensor
refractive index sensor
absorber
title Simple and Cost-Effective Design of a THz-Metamaterial-Based Hybrid Sensor on a Single Substrate
title_full Simple and Cost-Effective Design of a THz-Metamaterial-Based Hybrid Sensor on a Single Substrate
title_fullStr Simple and Cost-Effective Design of a THz-Metamaterial-Based Hybrid Sensor on a Single Substrate
title_full_unstemmed Simple and Cost-Effective Design of a THz-Metamaterial-Based Hybrid Sensor on a Single Substrate
title_short Simple and Cost-Effective Design of a THz-Metamaterial-Based Hybrid Sensor on a Single Substrate
title_sort simple and cost effective design of a thz metamaterial based hybrid sensor on a single substrate
topic metamaterial
temperature sensor
refractive index sensor
absorber
url https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/12/3660
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