Simple and Cost-Effective Design of a THz-Metamaterial-Based Hybrid Sensor on a Single Substrate
This study presents a cost-effective Hybrid Metamaterial Absorber (HMA) featuring a simple circular-patterned cylindrical design, comprising an indium antimonide (InSb) resonator on a thin copper sheet. Through numerical simulations, we demonstrate that the structure exhibits temperature-tunable pro...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/12/3660 |
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| author | Uddipan Nath Sagnik Banerjee Carlo Santini Rocco Citroni Fabio Mangini Fabrizio Frezza |
| author_facet | Uddipan Nath Sagnik Banerjee Carlo Santini Rocco Citroni Fabio Mangini Fabrizio Frezza |
| author_sort | Uddipan Nath |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study presents a cost-effective Hybrid Metamaterial Absorber (HMA) featuring a simple circular-patterned cylindrical design, comprising an indium antimonide (InSb) resonator on a thin copper sheet. Through numerical simulations, we demonstrate that the structure exhibits temperature-tunable properties and refractive index sensitivity. At 300 K (refractive index = 1), a peak absorption of 99.94% is achieved at 1.797 THz. Efficient operation is observed across a 40 K temperature range and a refractive index spectrum of 1.00–1.05, relevant for thermal imaging and spatial bio-sensing. The simulated temperature sensing sensitivity is 13.07 GHz/K, and the refractive index sensitivity is 1146 GHz/RIU. Parametric analyses reveal tunable absorption through adjustments of the InSb resonator design parameters. Owing to its high efficiency and sensitivity demonstrated in simulations, this HMA shows promise for sensing applications in biotechnology, semiconductor fabrication, and energy harvesting. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-1303f6a8d816485a96ef6e98f090534f |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj-art-1303f6a8d816485a96ef6e98f090534f2025-08-20T03:29:47ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202025-06-012512366010.3390/s25123660Simple and Cost-Effective Design of a THz-Metamaterial-Based Hybrid Sensor on a Single SubstrateUddipan Nath0Sagnik Banerjee1Carlo Santini2Rocco Citroni3Fabio Mangini4Fabrizio Frezza5ICT and Internet Engineering, Department of Electronics Engineering, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications (DIET), Sapienza University of Rome, 00184 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications (DIET), Sapienza University of Rome, 00184 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications (DIET), Sapienza University of Rome, 00184 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Engineering, Niccolò Cusano University, 00166 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications (DIET), Sapienza University of Rome, 00184 Rome, ItalyThis study presents a cost-effective Hybrid Metamaterial Absorber (HMA) featuring a simple circular-patterned cylindrical design, comprising an indium antimonide (InSb) resonator on a thin copper sheet. Through numerical simulations, we demonstrate that the structure exhibits temperature-tunable properties and refractive index sensitivity. At 300 K (refractive index = 1), a peak absorption of 99.94% is achieved at 1.797 THz. Efficient operation is observed across a 40 K temperature range and a refractive index spectrum of 1.00–1.05, relevant for thermal imaging and spatial bio-sensing. The simulated temperature sensing sensitivity is 13.07 GHz/K, and the refractive index sensitivity is 1146 GHz/RIU. Parametric analyses reveal tunable absorption through adjustments of the InSb resonator design parameters. Owing to its high efficiency and sensitivity demonstrated in simulations, this HMA shows promise for sensing applications in biotechnology, semiconductor fabrication, and energy harvesting.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/12/3660metamaterialtemperature sensorrefractive index sensorabsorber |
| spellingShingle | Uddipan Nath Sagnik Banerjee Carlo Santini Rocco Citroni Fabio Mangini Fabrizio Frezza Simple and Cost-Effective Design of a THz-Metamaterial-Based Hybrid Sensor on a Single Substrate Sensors metamaterial temperature sensor refractive index sensor absorber |
| title | Simple and Cost-Effective Design of a THz-Metamaterial-Based Hybrid Sensor on a Single Substrate |
| title_full | Simple and Cost-Effective Design of a THz-Metamaterial-Based Hybrid Sensor on a Single Substrate |
| title_fullStr | Simple and Cost-Effective Design of a THz-Metamaterial-Based Hybrid Sensor on a Single Substrate |
| title_full_unstemmed | Simple and Cost-Effective Design of a THz-Metamaterial-Based Hybrid Sensor on a Single Substrate |
| title_short | Simple and Cost-Effective Design of a THz-Metamaterial-Based Hybrid Sensor on a Single Substrate |
| title_sort | simple and cost effective design of a thz metamaterial based hybrid sensor on a single substrate |
| topic | metamaterial temperature sensor refractive index sensor absorber |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/12/3660 |
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