Hypertension and obesity in adults living in a high HIV prevalence rural area in South Africa.
Hypertension and excess body weight are major risk factors of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in developing countries. In countries with a high HIV prevalence, it is unknown how increased antiretroviral treatment and care (ART) coverage has affected the prevalence of overweight, obesity, and...
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2012-01-01
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| Series: | PLoS ONE |
| Online Access: | https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0047761&type=printable |
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| author | Abraham Malaza Joel Mossong Till Bärnighausen Marie-Louise Newell |
| author_facet | Abraham Malaza Joel Mossong Till Bärnighausen Marie-Louise Newell |
| author_sort | Abraham Malaza |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Hypertension and excess body weight are major risk factors of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in developing countries. In countries with a high HIV prevalence, it is unknown how increased antiretroviral treatment and care (ART) coverage has affected the prevalence of overweight, obesity, and hypertension. We conducted a health survey in 2010 based on the WHO STEPwise approach in 14,198 adult resident participants of a demographic surveillance area in rural South Africa to investigate factors associated with hypertension and excess weight including HIV infection and ART status. Women had a significantly higher median body mass index (BMI) than men (26.4 vs. 21.2 kg/m(2), p<0.001). The prevalence of obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m(2)) in women (31.3%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 30.2-32.4) was 6.5 times higher than in men (4.9%, 95% CI 4.1-5.7), whereas prevalence of hypertension (systolic or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 140 or 90 mm Hg, respectively) was 1.4 times higher in women than in men (28.5% vs 20.8%, p<0.001). In multivariable regression analysis, both hypertension and obesity were significantly associated with sex, age, HIV and ART status. The BMI of women and men on ART was on average 3.8 (95% CI 3.2-3.8) and 1.7 (95% CI 0.9-2.5) kg/m(2) lower than of HIV-negative women and men, respectively. The BMI of HIV-infected women and men not on ART was on average 1.2 (95% CI 0.8-1.6) and 0.4 (95% CI -0.1-0.9) kg/m(2) lower than of HIV-negative women and men, respectively. Obesity was a bigger risk factor for hypertension in men (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.99, 95% CI 2.00-4.48) than in women (aOR 1.64, 95% CI 1.39-1.92) and overweight (25 ≤ BMI<30) was a significant risk factor for men only (aOR 1.53 95% CI 1.14-2.06). Our study suggests that, cardiovascular risk factors of hypertension and obesity differ substantially between women and men in rural South Africa. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-12fc362701da4848b138ca54b1d8fa95 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1932-6203 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2012-01-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-12fc362701da4848b138ca54b1d8fa952025-08-20T02:30:56ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032012-01-01710e4776110.1371/journal.pone.0047761Hypertension and obesity in adults living in a high HIV prevalence rural area in South Africa.Abraham MalazaJoel MossongTill BärnighausenMarie-Louise NewellHypertension and excess body weight are major risk factors of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in developing countries. In countries with a high HIV prevalence, it is unknown how increased antiretroviral treatment and care (ART) coverage has affected the prevalence of overweight, obesity, and hypertension. We conducted a health survey in 2010 based on the WHO STEPwise approach in 14,198 adult resident participants of a demographic surveillance area in rural South Africa to investigate factors associated with hypertension and excess weight including HIV infection and ART status. Women had a significantly higher median body mass index (BMI) than men (26.4 vs. 21.2 kg/m(2), p<0.001). The prevalence of obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m(2)) in women (31.3%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 30.2-32.4) was 6.5 times higher than in men (4.9%, 95% CI 4.1-5.7), whereas prevalence of hypertension (systolic or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 140 or 90 mm Hg, respectively) was 1.4 times higher in women than in men (28.5% vs 20.8%, p<0.001). In multivariable regression analysis, both hypertension and obesity were significantly associated with sex, age, HIV and ART status. The BMI of women and men on ART was on average 3.8 (95% CI 3.2-3.8) and 1.7 (95% CI 0.9-2.5) kg/m(2) lower than of HIV-negative women and men, respectively. The BMI of HIV-infected women and men not on ART was on average 1.2 (95% CI 0.8-1.6) and 0.4 (95% CI -0.1-0.9) kg/m(2) lower than of HIV-negative women and men, respectively. Obesity was a bigger risk factor for hypertension in men (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.99, 95% CI 2.00-4.48) than in women (aOR 1.64, 95% CI 1.39-1.92) and overweight (25 ≤ BMI<30) was a significant risk factor for men only (aOR 1.53 95% CI 1.14-2.06). Our study suggests that, cardiovascular risk factors of hypertension and obesity differ substantially between women and men in rural South Africa.https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0047761&type=printable |
| spellingShingle | Abraham Malaza Joel Mossong Till Bärnighausen Marie-Louise Newell Hypertension and obesity in adults living in a high HIV prevalence rural area in South Africa. PLoS ONE |
| title | Hypertension and obesity in adults living in a high HIV prevalence rural area in South Africa. |
| title_full | Hypertension and obesity in adults living in a high HIV prevalence rural area in South Africa. |
| title_fullStr | Hypertension and obesity in adults living in a high HIV prevalence rural area in South Africa. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Hypertension and obesity in adults living in a high HIV prevalence rural area in South Africa. |
| title_short | Hypertension and obesity in adults living in a high HIV prevalence rural area in South Africa. |
| title_sort | hypertension and obesity in adults living in a high hiv prevalence rural area in south africa |
| url | https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0047761&type=printable |
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