Intention-aware exercise recommendation enhanced by deep forgetting modeling for e-learning

Abstract Recommender system is regarded as a crucial strategy for realizing personalized e-learning. To better enhance the learning outcomes for learners, exercise recommendation plays a vital role in this system. However, current modeling methods are insufficient to fully capture the dynamic proces...

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Main Authors: Zezheng Wu, Jingwei Zhang, Minghao Liu, Xiaoyang Huang, Qing Yang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer 2025-07-01
Series:Discover Computing
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10791-025-09656-5
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author Zezheng Wu
Jingwei Zhang
Minghao Liu
Xiaoyang Huang
Qing Yang
author_facet Zezheng Wu
Jingwei Zhang
Minghao Liu
Xiaoyang Huang
Qing Yang
author_sort Zezheng Wu
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Recommender system is regarded as a crucial strategy for realizing personalized e-learning. To better enhance the learning outcomes for learners, exercise recommendation plays a vital role in this system. However, current modeling methods are insufficient to fully capture the dynamic process of learners’ knowledge concept forgetting. Moreover, recommending learning resources based solely on the learner’s current level, without exploring the learner’s learning intentions, leads to inefficient utilization of learning resources. To address these issues, this paper proposes a novel Intention-aware Exercise Recommendation enhanced by deep Forgetting modeling for e-learning (IERF). Specifically, we integrate the forgetting mechanism into multi-concept sequences, model the contextual dependencies of sequences, and design behavioral balancing factors in multiple dimensions to optimize the forgetting prediction of the learning process. Additionally, we construct a heterogeneous information network (HIN) of the learning process and design multi-attention mechanisms to highlight high-order learning relationships between networks and perceive the learner’s learning intentions. Experimental results on three public real-world datasets show that the proposed model outperforms state-of-the-art baselines, and enhances the interpretability under the exercise recommendation.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2948-2992
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spelling doaj-art-12fbbcc0019545499a556e8f0ba35e0b2025-08-20T04:01:36ZengSpringerDiscover Computing2948-29922025-07-0128112510.1007/s10791-025-09656-5Intention-aware exercise recommendation enhanced by deep forgetting modeling for e-learningZezheng Wu0Jingwei Zhang1Minghao Liu2Xiaoyang Huang3Qing Yang4Guangxi Key Laboratory of Trusted Software, Guilin University of Electronic TechnologyGuangxi Key Laboratory of Trusted Software, Guilin University of Electronic TechnologyGuangxi Key Laboratory of Automatic Detecting Technology and Instruments, Guilin University of Electronic TechnologyGuangxi Key Laboratory of Automatic Detecting Technology and Instruments, Guilin University of Electronic TechnologyGuangxi Key Laboratory of Automatic Detecting Technology and Instruments, Guilin University of Electronic TechnologyAbstract Recommender system is regarded as a crucial strategy for realizing personalized e-learning. To better enhance the learning outcomes for learners, exercise recommendation plays a vital role in this system. However, current modeling methods are insufficient to fully capture the dynamic process of learners’ knowledge concept forgetting. Moreover, recommending learning resources based solely on the learner’s current level, without exploring the learner’s learning intentions, leads to inefficient utilization of learning resources. To address these issues, this paper proposes a novel Intention-aware Exercise Recommendation enhanced by deep Forgetting modeling for e-learning (IERF). Specifically, we integrate the forgetting mechanism into multi-concept sequences, model the contextual dependencies of sequences, and design behavioral balancing factors in multiple dimensions to optimize the forgetting prediction of the learning process. Additionally, we construct a heterogeneous information network (HIN) of the learning process and design multi-attention mechanisms to highlight high-order learning relationships between networks and perceive the learner’s learning intentions. Experimental results on three public real-world datasets show that the proposed model outperforms state-of-the-art baselines, and enhances the interpretability under the exercise recommendation.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10791-025-09656-5E-learning servicesExercise recommendationForgetting modelingIntention-aware modeling
spellingShingle Zezheng Wu
Jingwei Zhang
Minghao Liu
Xiaoyang Huang
Qing Yang
Intention-aware exercise recommendation enhanced by deep forgetting modeling for e-learning
Discover Computing
E-learning services
Exercise recommendation
Forgetting modeling
Intention-aware modeling
title Intention-aware exercise recommendation enhanced by deep forgetting modeling for e-learning
title_full Intention-aware exercise recommendation enhanced by deep forgetting modeling for e-learning
title_fullStr Intention-aware exercise recommendation enhanced by deep forgetting modeling for e-learning
title_full_unstemmed Intention-aware exercise recommendation enhanced by deep forgetting modeling for e-learning
title_short Intention-aware exercise recommendation enhanced by deep forgetting modeling for e-learning
title_sort intention aware exercise recommendation enhanced by deep forgetting modeling for e learning
topic E-learning services
Exercise recommendation
Forgetting modeling
Intention-aware modeling
url https://doi.org/10.1007/s10791-025-09656-5
work_keys_str_mv AT zezhengwu intentionawareexerciserecommendationenhancedbydeepforgettingmodelingforelearning
AT jingweizhang intentionawareexerciserecommendationenhancedbydeepforgettingmodelingforelearning
AT minghaoliu intentionawareexerciserecommendationenhancedbydeepforgettingmodelingforelearning
AT xiaoyanghuang intentionawareexerciserecommendationenhancedbydeepforgettingmodelingforelearning
AT qingyang intentionawareexerciserecommendationenhancedbydeepforgettingmodelingforelearning