Effects of Employee–Artificial Intelligence (AI) Collaboration on Counterproductive Work Behaviors (CWBs): Leader Emotional Support as a Moderator

The accelerated advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) has positioned it as a novel colleague. However, as employees collaborate with AI colleagues in daily work, their communication and interaction with human colleagues may decrease. This may result in feelings of loneliness and a potential re...

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Main Authors: Qingqi Meng, Tung-Ju Wu, Wenyan Duan, Shijia Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Behavioral Sciences
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-328X/15/5/696
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author Qingqi Meng
Tung-Ju Wu
Wenyan Duan
Shijia Li
author_facet Qingqi Meng
Tung-Ju Wu
Wenyan Duan
Shijia Li
author_sort Qingqi Meng
collection DOAJ
description The accelerated advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) has positioned it as a novel colleague. However, as employees collaborate with AI colleagues in daily work, their communication and interaction with human colleagues may decrease. This may result in feelings of loneliness and a potential reduction in emotional resources, potentially leading to counterproductive work behavior (CWB). Drawing from the conservation of resources (COR) theory, we hypothesize that employee–AI collaboration may amplify employees’ CWB due to loneliness and emotional fatigue. The potential mitigating effects of leader emotional support on these outcomes are also considered. To test these hypotheses, a 2 × 2 vignette experiment (N = 167) was conducted. The results demonstrate that employee–AI collaboration exerts a substantial positive influence on loneliness. Loneliness further increases employees’ emotional fatigue, which in turn increases CWB. Leader emotional support—the care and motivation demonstrated by leaders has been identified as a key factor in reducing loneliness. This research contributes to the extant literature on employee–AI collaboration and CWB, and expands the application scope of COR. Practical implications arise for managers, who are encouraged to consider the impact of employee–AI collaboration on interpersonal interaction and to address employees’ emotional needs in a timely manner.
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spelling doaj-art-12fb1993ddc44b3f97e45ef3e483fc222025-08-20T01:56:14ZengMDPI AGBehavioral Sciences2076-328X2025-05-0115569610.3390/bs15050696Effects of Employee–Artificial Intelligence (AI) Collaboration on Counterproductive Work Behaviors (CWBs): Leader Emotional Support as a ModeratorQingqi Meng0Tung-Ju Wu1Wenyan Duan2Shijia Li3Business School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, ChinaSchool of Management, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, ChinaBusiness School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, ChinaSchool of Management, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, ChinaThe accelerated advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) has positioned it as a novel colleague. However, as employees collaborate with AI colleagues in daily work, their communication and interaction with human colleagues may decrease. This may result in feelings of loneliness and a potential reduction in emotional resources, potentially leading to counterproductive work behavior (CWB). Drawing from the conservation of resources (COR) theory, we hypothesize that employee–AI collaboration may amplify employees’ CWB due to loneliness and emotional fatigue. The potential mitigating effects of leader emotional support on these outcomes are also considered. To test these hypotheses, a 2 × 2 vignette experiment (N = 167) was conducted. The results demonstrate that employee–AI collaboration exerts a substantial positive influence on loneliness. Loneliness further increases employees’ emotional fatigue, which in turn increases CWB. Leader emotional support—the care and motivation demonstrated by leaders has been identified as a key factor in reducing loneliness. This research contributes to the extant literature on employee–AI collaboration and CWB, and expands the application scope of COR. Practical implications arise for managers, who are encouraged to consider the impact of employee–AI collaboration on interpersonal interaction and to address employees’ emotional needs in a timely manner.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-328X/15/5/696employee–AI collaborationcounterproductive work behaviorlonelinessemotional fatigueleader emotional supportconservation of resources theory
spellingShingle Qingqi Meng
Tung-Ju Wu
Wenyan Duan
Shijia Li
Effects of Employee–Artificial Intelligence (AI) Collaboration on Counterproductive Work Behaviors (CWBs): Leader Emotional Support as a Moderator
Behavioral Sciences
employee–AI collaboration
counterproductive work behavior
loneliness
emotional fatigue
leader emotional support
conservation of resources theory
title Effects of Employee–Artificial Intelligence (AI) Collaboration on Counterproductive Work Behaviors (CWBs): Leader Emotional Support as a Moderator
title_full Effects of Employee–Artificial Intelligence (AI) Collaboration on Counterproductive Work Behaviors (CWBs): Leader Emotional Support as a Moderator
title_fullStr Effects of Employee–Artificial Intelligence (AI) Collaboration on Counterproductive Work Behaviors (CWBs): Leader Emotional Support as a Moderator
title_full_unstemmed Effects of Employee–Artificial Intelligence (AI) Collaboration on Counterproductive Work Behaviors (CWBs): Leader Emotional Support as a Moderator
title_short Effects of Employee–Artificial Intelligence (AI) Collaboration on Counterproductive Work Behaviors (CWBs): Leader Emotional Support as a Moderator
title_sort effects of employee artificial intelligence ai collaboration on counterproductive work behaviors cwbs leader emotional support as a moderator
topic employee–AI collaboration
counterproductive work behavior
loneliness
emotional fatigue
leader emotional support
conservation of resources theory
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-328X/15/5/696
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