Unsupervised learning of temporal regularities in visual cortical populations

Abstract The brain’s ability to extract temporal information from dynamic stimuli in the environment is essential for everyday behavior. To extract temporal statistical regularities, neural circuits must possess the ability to measure, produce, and anticipate sensory events. Here we report that when...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Sorin Pojoga, Ariana Andrei, Valentin Dragoi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Nature Communications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-60731-3
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849334443235344384
author Sorin Pojoga
Ariana Andrei
Valentin Dragoi
author_facet Sorin Pojoga
Ariana Andrei
Valentin Dragoi
author_sort Sorin Pojoga
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The brain’s ability to extract temporal information from dynamic stimuli in the environment is essential for everyday behavior. To extract temporal statistical regularities, neural circuits must possess the ability to measure, produce, and anticipate sensory events. Here we report that when neural populations in macaque primary visual cortex are triggered to exhibit a periodic response to a repetitive sequence of optogenetic laser flashes, they learn to accurately reproduce the temporal sequence even when light stimulation is turned off. Despite the fact that individual cells had a poor capacity to extract temporal information, the population of neurons reproduced the periodic sequence in a temporally precise manner. The same neural population could learn different frequencies of external stimulation, and the ability to extract temporal information was found in all cortical layers. These results demonstrate a remarkable ability of sensory cortical populations to extract and reproduce complex temporal structure from unsupervised external stimulation even when stimuli are perceptually irrelevant.
format Article
id doaj-art-12f3f99410cb497c867c387f020e4e3c
institution Kabale University
issn 2041-1723
language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher Nature Portfolio
record_format Article
series Nature Communications
spelling doaj-art-12f3f99410cb497c867c387f020e4e3c2025-08-20T03:45:34ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232025-07-0116111210.1038/s41467-025-60731-3Unsupervised learning of temporal regularities in visual cortical populationsSorin Pojoga0Ariana Andrei1Valentin Dragoi2Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, McGovern Medical School, University of TexasDepartment of Neurobiology and Anatomy, McGovern Medical School, University of TexasCenter for Neural Systems Restoration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Dept. of NeurosurgeryAbstract The brain’s ability to extract temporal information from dynamic stimuli in the environment is essential for everyday behavior. To extract temporal statistical regularities, neural circuits must possess the ability to measure, produce, and anticipate sensory events. Here we report that when neural populations in macaque primary visual cortex are triggered to exhibit a periodic response to a repetitive sequence of optogenetic laser flashes, they learn to accurately reproduce the temporal sequence even when light stimulation is turned off. Despite the fact that individual cells had a poor capacity to extract temporal information, the population of neurons reproduced the periodic sequence in a temporally precise manner. The same neural population could learn different frequencies of external stimulation, and the ability to extract temporal information was found in all cortical layers. These results demonstrate a remarkable ability of sensory cortical populations to extract and reproduce complex temporal structure from unsupervised external stimulation even when stimuli are perceptually irrelevant.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-60731-3
spellingShingle Sorin Pojoga
Ariana Andrei
Valentin Dragoi
Unsupervised learning of temporal regularities in visual cortical populations
Nature Communications
title Unsupervised learning of temporal regularities in visual cortical populations
title_full Unsupervised learning of temporal regularities in visual cortical populations
title_fullStr Unsupervised learning of temporal regularities in visual cortical populations
title_full_unstemmed Unsupervised learning of temporal regularities in visual cortical populations
title_short Unsupervised learning of temporal regularities in visual cortical populations
title_sort unsupervised learning of temporal regularities in visual cortical populations
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-60731-3
work_keys_str_mv AT sorinpojoga unsupervisedlearningoftemporalregularitiesinvisualcorticalpopulations
AT arianaandrei unsupervisedlearningoftemporalregularitiesinvisualcorticalpopulations
AT valentindragoi unsupervisedlearningoftemporalregularitiesinvisualcorticalpopulations