Micro-arc oxidation (MAO) synthesized MgAl2O4 spinel-integrated coatings on Mg alloys: multidimensional exploration of biodegradation, biocompatibility, and osseointegration

The application of micro-arc oxidation (MAO) synthesized magnesium aluminate (MgAl2O4) spinel-integrated coatings on Mg alloys has great potential for orthopedic implantats, because such a coating improves biodegradation resistance, which is an important limitation for the clinical applications of M...

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Main Authors: Jun Feng, Shaohua Yuan, Zhiyong Shi, Xin Li, Yingchao Zhao, Andrej Atrens, Ming-Chun Zhao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-05-01
Series:Journal of Materials Research and Technology
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785425010725
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author Jun Feng
Shaohua Yuan
Zhiyong Shi
Xin Li
Yingchao Zhao
Andrej Atrens
Ming-Chun Zhao
author_facet Jun Feng
Shaohua Yuan
Zhiyong Shi
Xin Li
Yingchao Zhao
Andrej Atrens
Ming-Chun Zhao
author_sort Jun Feng
collection DOAJ
description The application of micro-arc oxidation (MAO) synthesized magnesium aluminate (MgAl2O4) spinel-integrated coatings on Mg alloys has great potential for orthopedic implantats, because such a coating improves biodegradation resistance, which is an important limitation for the clinical applications of Mg alloys. However, to date, limited results are available for the biological response, and furthermore research is needed to understand the mechanisms that influence biocompatibility and osseointegration. This work successfully prepared a MAO coating containing MgAl2O4 spinel on the surface of the Mg alloy AZ31 through optimizing a NaAlO2 concentration of 6 g/L in the electrolyte, and studied the construction, biodegradation, biocompatibility, and osseointegration. The MAO coating containing MgAl2O4 spinel (i) contained 94 % MgAl2O4, had a porosity of 1.2 % and a thickness of ∼26 μm; (ii) provided long-term stable protection in Hank's solution for the Mg alloy, showing good structural integrity, no penetrating pores and minimal thickness reduction during the immersion test, with a performance significantly better than that the MgAl2O4 spinel free MAO coating; and (iii) presented excellent biocompatibility and promoted cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. The relevant mechanisms through which the MgAl2O4 spinel contributed to construction, biodegradation, biocompatibility, and osseointegration were elaborated. This work is helpful in developing Mg alloys for biomedical applications.
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spelling doaj-art-12f3be44a45c4878b956e5e6fd0d5d472025-08-20T02:55:10ZengElsevierJournal of Materials Research and Technology2238-78542025-05-01366486649810.1016/j.jmrt.2025.04.251Micro-arc oxidation (MAO) synthesized MgAl2O4 spinel-integrated coatings on Mg alloys: multidimensional exploration of biodegradation, biocompatibility, and osseointegrationJun Feng0Shaohua Yuan1Zhiyong Shi2Xin Li3Yingchao Zhao4Andrej Atrens5Ming-Chun Zhao6College of Mechanical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, ChinaCollege of Mechanical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, ChinaSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, ChinaSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, ChinaCollege of Mechanical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, ChinaSchool of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, AustraliaSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Corresponding author.The application of micro-arc oxidation (MAO) synthesized magnesium aluminate (MgAl2O4) spinel-integrated coatings on Mg alloys has great potential for orthopedic implantats, because such a coating improves biodegradation resistance, which is an important limitation for the clinical applications of Mg alloys. However, to date, limited results are available for the biological response, and furthermore research is needed to understand the mechanisms that influence biocompatibility and osseointegration. This work successfully prepared a MAO coating containing MgAl2O4 spinel on the surface of the Mg alloy AZ31 through optimizing a NaAlO2 concentration of 6 g/L in the electrolyte, and studied the construction, biodegradation, biocompatibility, and osseointegration. The MAO coating containing MgAl2O4 spinel (i) contained 94 % MgAl2O4, had a porosity of 1.2 % and a thickness of ∼26 μm; (ii) provided long-term stable protection in Hank's solution for the Mg alloy, showing good structural integrity, no penetrating pores and minimal thickness reduction during the immersion test, with a performance significantly better than that the MgAl2O4 spinel free MAO coating; and (iii) presented excellent biocompatibility and promoted cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. The relevant mechanisms through which the MgAl2O4 spinel contributed to construction, biodegradation, biocompatibility, and osseointegration were elaborated. This work is helpful in developing Mg alloys for biomedical applications.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785425010725Mg alloyMAO coatingBiodegradationBiocompatibilityOsseointegration
spellingShingle Jun Feng
Shaohua Yuan
Zhiyong Shi
Xin Li
Yingchao Zhao
Andrej Atrens
Ming-Chun Zhao
Micro-arc oxidation (MAO) synthesized MgAl2O4 spinel-integrated coatings on Mg alloys: multidimensional exploration of biodegradation, biocompatibility, and osseointegration
Journal of Materials Research and Technology
Mg alloy
MAO coating
Biodegradation
Biocompatibility
Osseointegration
title Micro-arc oxidation (MAO) synthesized MgAl2O4 spinel-integrated coatings on Mg alloys: multidimensional exploration of biodegradation, biocompatibility, and osseointegration
title_full Micro-arc oxidation (MAO) synthesized MgAl2O4 spinel-integrated coatings on Mg alloys: multidimensional exploration of biodegradation, biocompatibility, and osseointegration
title_fullStr Micro-arc oxidation (MAO) synthesized MgAl2O4 spinel-integrated coatings on Mg alloys: multidimensional exploration of biodegradation, biocompatibility, and osseointegration
title_full_unstemmed Micro-arc oxidation (MAO) synthesized MgAl2O4 spinel-integrated coatings on Mg alloys: multidimensional exploration of biodegradation, biocompatibility, and osseointegration
title_short Micro-arc oxidation (MAO) synthesized MgAl2O4 spinel-integrated coatings on Mg alloys: multidimensional exploration of biodegradation, biocompatibility, and osseointegration
title_sort micro arc oxidation mao synthesized mgal2o4 spinel integrated coatings on mg alloys multidimensional exploration of biodegradation biocompatibility and osseointegration
topic Mg alloy
MAO coating
Biodegradation
Biocompatibility
Osseointegration
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785425010725
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