ST-CFI: Swin Transformer with convolutional feature interactions for identifying plant diseases

Abstract The increasing global population, coupled with the diminishing availability of arable land, has rendered the challenge of ensuring food security more pronounced. The prompt and precise identification of plant diseases is essential for reducing crop losses and improving agricultural yield. T...

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Main Authors: Sheng Yu, Li Xie, Liang Dai
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-08673-0
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author Sheng Yu
Li Xie
Liang Dai
author_facet Sheng Yu
Li Xie
Liang Dai
author_sort Sheng Yu
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The increasing global population, coupled with the diminishing availability of arable land, has rendered the challenge of ensuring food security more pronounced. The prompt and precise identification of plant diseases is essential for reducing crop losses and improving agricultural yield. This paper introduces the Swin Transformer with Convolutional Feature Interactions (ST-CFI), a state-of-the-art deep learning framework designed for detecting plant diseases through the analysis of leaf images. The ST-CFI model effectively integrates the strengths of the Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and Swin Transformers, enabling the extraction of both local and global features from plant images. This is achieved through the implementation of an inception architecture and cross-channel feature learning, which collectively enhance the information necessary for detailed feature extraction. Comprehensive experiments were conducted using five distinct datasets: PlantVillage, Plant Pathology 2021 competition dataset, PlantDoc, AI2018, and iBean. The ST-CFI model exhibited exceptional performance, achieving an accuracy of 99.96% on the PlantVillage dataset, 99.22% on iBean, 86.89% on AI2018, and 77.54% on PlantDoc. These results underscore the model’s robustness and its capacity to generalize across various datasets and real-world conditions. The high accuracy and F1 scores, in conjunction with low loss values, further validate the model’s efficacy in learning discriminative features. The ST-CFI model signifies a substantial advancement in the early and accurate detection of plant diseases, serving as a valuable instrument for precision agriculture. Its capacity to integrate CNNs and Transformers within a unified framework enhances the model’s feature extraction capabilities, resulting in improved accuracy in the identification of plant diseases. This study concludes that the ST-CFI model effectively addresses plant disease detection challenges, with significant implications for agricultural sustainability and productivity.
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spelling doaj-art-12e3fde47cff49cabff6d62b5f118b3b2025-08-20T04:02:46ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115112010.1038/s41598-025-08673-0ST-CFI: Swin Transformer with convolutional feature interactions for identifying plant diseasesSheng Yu0Li Xie1Liang Dai2School of Information Engineering, Shaoguan UniversitySchool of Information Engineering, Shaoguan UniversitySchool of Big Data and Computer Science, GuiZhou Normal UniversityAbstract The increasing global population, coupled with the diminishing availability of arable land, has rendered the challenge of ensuring food security more pronounced. The prompt and precise identification of plant diseases is essential for reducing crop losses and improving agricultural yield. This paper introduces the Swin Transformer with Convolutional Feature Interactions (ST-CFI), a state-of-the-art deep learning framework designed for detecting plant diseases through the analysis of leaf images. The ST-CFI model effectively integrates the strengths of the Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and Swin Transformers, enabling the extraction of both local and global features from plant images. This is achieved through the implementation of an inception architecture and cross-channel feature learning, which collectively enhance the information necessary for detailed feature extraction. Comprehensive experiments were conducted using five distinct datasets: PlantVillage, Plant Pathology 2021 competition dataset, PlantDoc, AI2018, and iBean. The ST-CFI model exhibited exceptional performance, achieving an accuracy of 99.96% on the PlantVillage dataset, 99.22% on iBean, 86.89% on AI2018, and 77.54% on PlantDoc. These results underscore the model’s robustness and its capacity to generalize across various datasets and real-world conditions. The high accuracy and F1 scores, in conjunction with low loss values, further validate the model’s efficacy in learning discriminative features. The ST-CFI model signifies a substantial advancement in the early and accurate detection of plant diseases, serving as a valuable instrument for precision agriculture. Its capacity to integrate CNNs and Transformers within a unified framework enhances the model’s feature extraction capabilities, resulting in improved accuracy in the identification of plant diseases. This study concludes that the ST-CFI model effectively addresses plant disease detection challenges, with significant implications for agricultural sustainability and productivity.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-08673-0Plant disease identificationDeep learningSwin TransformerConvolutional Feature InteractionsVision Transformers
spellingShingle Sheng Yu
Li Xie
Liang Dai
ST-CFI: Swin Transformer with convolutional feature interactions for identifying plant diseases
Scientific Reports
Plant disease identification
Deep learning
Swin Transformer
Convolutional Feature Interactions
Vision Transformers
title ST-CFI: Swin Transformer with convolutional feature interactions for identifying plant diseases
title_full ST-CFI: Swin Transformer with convolutional feature interactions for identifying plant diseases
title_fullStr ST-CFI: Swin Transformer with convolutional feature interactions for identifying plant diseases
title_full_unstemmed ST-CFI: Swin Transformer with convolutional feature interactions for identifying plant diseases
title_short ST-CFI: Swin Transformer with convolutional feature interactions for identifying plant diseases
title_sort st cfi swin transformer with convolutional feature interactions for identifying plant diseases
topic Plant disease identification
Deep learning
Swin Transformer
Convolutional Feature Interactions
Vision Transformers
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-08673-0
work_keys_str_mv AT shengyu stcfiswintransformerwithconvolutionalfeatureinteractionsforidentifyingplantdiseases
AT lixie stcfiswintransformerwithconvolutionalfeatureinteractionsforidentifyingplantdiseases
AT liangdai stcfiswintransformerwithconvolutionalfeatureinteractionsforidentifyingplantdiseases