On the Origins of Hamilton’s Principle(s)

This entry first provides an overview of the historical, cultural and epistemological background that is key for Hamilton’s positions on mechanics. We consider the investigations on geometrical optics in the 17th and 18th centuries, Euler’s and Lagrange’s foundations of variational calculus in the 1...

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Main Authors: Paolo Bussotti, Danilo Capecchi, Giuseppe Ruta
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-09-01
Series:Encyclopedia
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2673-8392/4/4/94
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author Paolo Bussotti
Danilo Capecchi
Giuseppe Ruta
author_facet Paolo Bussotti
Danilo Capecchi
Giuseppe Ruta
author_sort Paolo Bussotti
collection DOAJ
description This entry first provides an overview of the historical, cultural and epistemological background that is key for Hamilton’s positions on mechanics. We consider the investigations on geometrical optics in the 17th and 18th centuries, Euler’s and Lagrange’s foundations of variational calculus in the 18th century to find extrema of physical quantities expressed as infinite sums of infinitesimals (today, we would say ‘definite integrals’), and Lagrange’s introduction of a revolutionary analytical mechanics, all of which are all fertile grounds for Hamilton’s steps—first, in what we could call analytical optics, then in an advanced form of analytical mechanics. Having provided such an overview, we run through some of Hamilton’s original papers to highlight how he posed his principle(s) in the wake of his forerunners and how his principles are linked with the search for a unitary view of physics.
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spelling doaj-art-12df968fd6184f6c85729d320d4565eb2024-12-27T14:22:58ZengMDPI AGEncyclopedia2673-83922024-09-01441454147110.3390/encyclopedia4040094On the Origins of Hamilton’s Principle(s)Paolo Bussotti0Danilo Capecchi1Giuseppe Ruta2Dipartimento di Studi Umanistici e del Patrimonio Culturale, Università di Udine, 33100 Udine, ItalySISFA, Società Italiana Storici Fisica e Astronomia, 80125 Naples, ItalyDipartimento di Ingegneria Strutturale e Geotecnica, Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, 00184 Rome, ItalyThis entry first provides an overview of the historical, cultural and epistemological background that is key for Hamilton’s positions on mechanics. We consider the investigations on geometrical optics in the 17th and 18th centuries, Euler’s and Lagrange’s foundations of variational calculus in the 18th century to find extrema of physical quantities expressed as infinite sums of infinitesimals (today, we would say ‘definite integrals’), and Lagrange’s introduction of a revolutionary analytical mechanics, all of which are all fertile grounds for Hamilton’s steps—first, in what we could call analytical optics, then in an advanced form of analytical mechanics. Having provided such an overview, we run through some of Hamilton’s original papers to highlight how he posed his principle(s) in the wake of his forerunners and how his principles are linked with the search for a unitary view of physics.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-8392/4/4/94Hamilton’s principle(s)analytical mechanicsstationary actionleast actionvarying action
spellingShingle Paolo Bussotti
Danilo Capecchi
Giuseppe Ruta
On the Origins of Hamilton’s Principle(s)
Encyclopedia
Hamilton’s principle(s)
analytical mechanics
stationary action
least action
varying action
title On the Origins of Hamilton’s Principle(s)
title_full On the Origins of Hamilton’s Principle(s)
title_fullStr On the Origins of Hamilton’s Principle(s)
title_full_unstemmed On the Origins of Hamilton’s Principle(s)
title_short On the Origins of Hamilton’s Principle(s)
title_sort on the origins of hamilton s principle s
topic Hamilton’s principle(s)
analytical mechanics
stationary action
least action
varying action
url https://www.mdpi.com/2673-8392/4/4/94
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