LL-MAROCO: A Large Language Model-Assisted Robotic System for Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Osteotomy
Oral and craniomaxillofacial bone deformities necessitate treatment through osteotomy. Robot-assisted osteotomy appears promising in oral and craniomaxillofacial surgery, but it lacks sufficient intelligence and comprehensive integration of navigation tracking with surgical planning. This study aims...
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| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Bioengineering |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5354/12/6/629 |
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| author | Lai Jiang Liangjing Shao Jinyang Wu Xiaofeng Xu Xinrong Chen Shilei Zhang |
| author_facet | Lai Jiang Liangjing Shao Jinyang Wu Xiaofeng Xu Xinrong Chen Shilei Zhang |
| author_sort | Lai Jiang |
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| description | Oral and craniomaxillofacial bone deformities necessitate treatment through osteotomy. Robot-assisted osteotomy appears promising in oral and craniomaxillofacial surgery, but it lacks sufficient intelligence and comprehensive integration of navigation tracking with surgical planning. This study aims to develop an intelligent surgical robot, based on the large language model ChatGPT-4, to enable autonomous planning for oral and craniomaxillofacial osteotomies. An autonomous surgical planning system driven by ChatGPT-4 was developed. Surgical plans were autonomously generated based on expert-defined prompts and surgical objectives. A deep learning framework was employed to match navigation-generated visual data with textual planning outputs. The generated plans were subsequently converted into executable instructions for robotic surgery. System precision, execution accuracy, and usability were experimentally validated through common osteotomies. An anonymous Likert scale assessed operational efficiency. The proposed system achieved a trajectory planning accuracy of 0.24 mm and an average robotic execution accuracy of 1.46 mm. The completion rates for two representative procedures, Le Fort I osteotomy and genioplasty, were 87% and 92%, respectively. Survey results confirmed process feasibility. The integration of a large language model with surgical robot advances intelligent, precise, and safe oral and craniomaxillofacial osteotomy procedures. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-12df0d5d2c864c9a9ccd43b69bb6e176 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2306-5354 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Bioengineering |
| spelling | doaj-art-12df0d5d2c864c9a9ccd43b69bb6e1762025-08-20T02:24:31ZengMDPI AGBioengineering2306-53542025-06-0112662910.3390/bioengineering12060629LL-MAROCO: A Large Language Model-Assisted Robotic System for Oral and Craniomaxillofacial OsteotomyLai Jiang0Liangjing Shao1Jinyang Wu2Xiaofeng Xu3Xinrong Chen4Shilei Zhang5Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, ChinaAcademy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, ChinaDepartment of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, ChinaDepartment of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, ChinaAcademy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, ChinaDepartment of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, ChinaOral and craniomaxillofacial bone deformities necessitate treatment through osteotomy. Robot-assisted osteotomy appears promising in oral and craniomaxillofacial surgery, but it lacks sufficient intelligence and comprehensive integration of navigation tracking with surgical planning. This study aims to develop an intelligent surgical robot, based on the large language model ChatGPT-4, to enable autonomous planning for oral and craniomaxillofacial osteotomies. An autonomous surgical planning system driven by ChatGPT-4 was developed. Surgical plans were autonomously generated based on expert-defined prompts and surgical objectives. A deep learning framework was employed to match navigation-generated visual data with textual planning outputs. The generated plans were subsequently converted into executable instructions for robotic surgery. System precision, execution accuracy, and usability were experimentally validated through common osteotomies. An anonymous Likert scale assessed operational efficiency. The proposed system achieved a trajectory planning accuracy of 0.24 mm and an average robotic execution accuracy of 1.46 mm. The completion rates for two representative procedures, Le Fort I osteotomy and genioplasty, were 87% and 92%, respectively. Survey results confirmed process feasibility. The integration of a large language model with surgical robot advances intelligent, precise, and safe oral and craniomaxillofacial osteotomy procedures.https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5354/12/6/629large language modeloral and craniomaxillofacial surgeryosteotomyautomatic surgery systemrobot-assisted surgery system |
| spellingShingle | Lai Jiang Liangjing Shao Jinyang Wu Xiaofeng Xu Xinrong Chen Shilei Zhang LL-MAROCO: A Large Language Model-Assisted Robotic System for Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Osteotomy Bioengineering large language model oral and craniomaxillofacial surgery osteotomy automatic surgery system robot-assisted surgery system |
| title | LL-MAROCO: A Large Language Model-Assisted Robotic System for Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Osteotomy |
| title_full | LL-MAROCO: A Large Language Model-Assisted Robotic System for Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Osteotomy |
| title_fullStr | LL-MAROCO: A Large Language Model-Assisted Robotic System for Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Osteotomy |
| title_full_unstemmed | LL-MAROCO: A Large Language Model-Assisted Robotic System for Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Osteotomy |
| title_short | LL-MAROCO: A Large Language Model-Assisted Robotic System for Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Osteotomy |
| title_sort | ll maroco a large language model assisted robotic system for oral and craniomaxillofacial osteotomy |
| topic | large language model oral and craniomaxillofacial surgery osteotomy automatic surgery system robot-assisted surgery system |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5354/12/6/629 |
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