Bacterial endotoxin-lipopolysaccharide role in inflammatory diseases: An overview

Despite advancements in antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory treatments, inflammation and its repercussions continue to pose a considerable challenge in medicine. Acute inflammation may cause life-threatening conditions like septic shock, while chronic inflammation leads to tissue degeneration and im...

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Main Authors: Priyanka Arya, Vikram Sharma, Priyanka Singh, Surabhi Thapliyal, Manu Sharma
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Mashhad University of Medical Sciences 2025-05-01
Series:Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
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Online Access:https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_25680_11779eb919f795002cf6740a613fcdea.pdf
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author Priyanka Arya
Vikram Sharma
Priyanka Singh
Surabhi Thapliyal
Manu Sharma
author_facet Priyanka Arya
Vikram Sharma
Priyanka Singh
Surabhi Thapliyal
Manu Sharma
author_sort Priyanka Arya
collection DOAJ
description Despite advancements in antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory treatments, inflammation and its repercussions continue to pose a considerable challenge in medicine. Acute inflammation may cause life-threatening conditions like septic shock, while chronic inflammation leads to tissue degeneration and impaired function. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS), a well-known pathogenic trigger contributing to several dysfunctions, is a crucial part of the outer membrane of gr-negative bacteria. LPS are well-known for eliciting acute inflammatory responses by activating a pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP), which stimulates the innate immune system and triggers local or systemic inflammatory responses. LPS also activate numerous intracellular molecules that modulate the expression of a wide range of inflammatory mediators. These mediators subsequently initiate or exacerbate various inflammatory processes. Beyond immune cells, LPS can also activate non-immune cells, leading to inflammatory reactions. These excessive inflammatory responses are often detrimental and typically result in chronic and progressive inflammatory diseases, including neurodegenerative, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. This review delves into the mechanisms by which the bacterial endotoxin LPS contribute to multiple inflammatory diseases. These insights into LPS signaling pathways could inform the design of new treatment strategies such as TLR4, NLRP3, HMGA1, MAPK, and NF-kB inhibitors. This enables precise targeting of inflammation-related processes in disease management.
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issn 2008-3866
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language English
publishDate 2025-05-01
publisher Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
record_format Article
series Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
spelling doaj-art-12dd093a9ca448f9a8dc02db77698bac2025-08-20T03:35:48ZengMashhad University of Medical SciencesIranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences2008-38662008-38742025-05-0128555356410.22038/ijbms.2025.82302.1779925680Bacterial endotoxin-lipopolysaccharide role in inflammatory diseases: An overviewPriyanka Arya0Vikram Sharma1Priyanka Singh2Surabhi Thapliyal3Manu Sharma4Galgotias College of Pharmacy, Greater Noida, U.P., IndiaGalgotias College of Pharmacy, Greater Noida, U.P., IndiaBanasthali Vidyapith, Department of Pharmacy, Rajasthan, IndiaDepartment of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh 249203, IndiaBanasthali Vidyapith, Department of Pharmacy, Rajasthan, IndiaDespite advancements in antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory treatments, inflammation and its repercussions continue to pose a considerable challenge in medicine. Acute inflammation may cause life-threatening conditions like septic shock, while chronic inflammation leads to tissue degeneration and impaired function. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS), a well-known pathogenic trigger contributing to several dysfunctions, is a crucial part of the outer membrane of gr-negative bacteria. LPS are well-known for eliciting acute inflammatory responses by activating a pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP), which stimulates the innate immune system and triggers local or systemic inflammatory responses. LPS also activate numerous intracellular molecules that modulate the expression of a wide range of inflammatory mediators. These mediators subsequently initiate or exacerbate various inflammatory processes. Beyond immune cells, LPS can also activate non-immune cells, leading to inflammatory reactions. These excessive inflammatory responses are often detrimental and typically result in chronic and progressive inflammatory diseases, including neurodegenerative, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. This review delves into the mechanisms by which the bacterial endotoxin LPS contribute to multiple inflammatory diseases. These insights into LPS signaling pathways could inform the design of new treatment strategies such as TLR4, NLRP3, HMGA1, MAPK, and NF-kB inhibitors. This enables precise targeting of inflammation-related processes in disease management.https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_25680_11779eb919f795002cf6740a613fcdea.pdfalzheimer’satherosclerosiscancercardiovascular diseaseslipopolysaccharideneuroinflammationtoll-like receptors
spellingShingle Priyanka Arya
Vikram Sharma
Priyanka Singh
Surabhi Thapliyal
Manu Sharma
Bacterial endotoxin-lipopolysaccharide role in inflammatory diseases: An overview
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
alzheimer’s
atherosclerosis
cancer
cardiovascular diseases
lipopolysaccharide
neuroinflammation
toll-like receptors
title Bacterial endotoxin-lipopolysaccharide role in inflammatory diseases: An overview
title_full Bacterial endotoxin-lipopolysaccharide role in inflammatory diseases: An overview
title_fullStr Bacterial endotoxin-lipopolysaccharide role in inflammatory diseases: An overview
title_full_unstemmed Bacterial endotoxin-lipopolysaccharide role in inflammatory diseases: An overview
title_short Bacterial endotoxin-lipopolysaccharide role in inflammatory diseases: An overview
title_sort bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide role in inflammatory diseases an overview
topic alzheimer’s
atherosclerosis
cancer
cardiovascular diseases
lipopolysaccharide
neuroinflammation
toll-like receptors
url https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_25680_11779eb919f795002cf6740a613fcdea.pdf
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AT priyankasingh bacterialendotoxinlipopolysaccharideroleininflammatorydiseasesanoverview
AT surabhithapliyal bacterialendotoxinlipopolysaccharideroleininflammatorydiseasesanoverview
AT manusharma bacterialendotoxinlipopolysaccharideroleininflammatorydiseasesanoverview