Critical Role of Surface Properties in Passive Interstitial Fluid Extraction Using Polymeric Hollow Microneedles for Wearable Diagnostics

Abstract Efficient sampling of dermal interstitial fluid (ISF) is essential for continuous monitoring of biomarkers for early detection and management of chronic diseases. Transdermal ISF extraction using microneedles gained popularity due to their minimally invasive nature and efficient sampling ca...

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Main Authors: Ipek Atay, Emel Yilgör, Gürdeniz Neşer, Taher Abbasiasl, M. Baris Yagci, Iskender Yilgör, Levent Beker
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley-VCH 2025-07-01
Series:Advanced Materials Interfaces
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/admi.202500001
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author Ipek Atay
Emel Yilgör
Gürdeniz Neşer
Taher Abbasiasl
M. Baris Yagci
Iskender Yilgör
Levent Beker
author_facet Ipek Atay
Emel Yilgör
Gürdeniz Neşer
Taher Abbasiasl
M. Baris Yagci
Iskender Yilgör
Levent Beker
author_sort Ipek Atay
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Efficient sampling of dermal interstitial fluid (ISF) is essential for continuous monitoring of biomarkers for early detection and management of chronic diseases. Transdermal ISF extraction using microneedles gained popularity due to their minimally invasive nature and efficient sampling capabilities. Among various ISF extraction modalities, passive extraction with hollow polymeric microneedles (HMN) stands out as an efficient, economical and user‐friendly alternative that eliminates the need for external pumps or complex recovery processes. As passive HMN extraction relies on capillary action, influence of surface morphology and wettability of microchannels are investigated. In vitro ISF absorption capacities of HMNs fabricated by laser machining using polylactic acid (PLA), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and polycarbonate (PC) are investigated. Microchannels are created on needle tips through micromachining with a 355 nm laser. Surface roughness induced by laser exposure is most prominent in PLA HMNs, which exhibited an absorption rate of 0.02 mg min−1 per needle at an insertion force of 1.4 N per needle, while PMMA and PC‐based HMNs showed rates of 0.01 mg min−1 at 1.9 and 2.3 N per needle respectively. These findings highlight the critical influence of surface properties in enhancing the capillary action during passive ISF extraction with polymeric HMNs, supporting their potential integration into next‐generation wearable biosensors.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2196-7350
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publishDate 2025-07-01
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series Advanced Materials Interfaces
spelling doaj-art-12d821ad6bc94cbca9adb09833a3ca772025-08-20T03:51:25ZengWiley-VCHAdvanced Materials Interfaces2196-73502025-07-011213n/an/a10.1002/admi.202500001Critical Role of Surface Properties in Passive Interstitial Fluid Extraction Using Polymeric Hollow Microneedles for Wearable DiagnosticsIpek Atay0Emel Yilgör1Gürdeniz Neşer2Taher Abbasiasl3M. Baris Yagci4Iskender Yilgör5Levent Beker6Department of Mechanical Engineering Koç University Istanbul 34450 TurkeyDepartment of Mechanical Engineering Koç University Istanbul 34450 TurkeyDepartment of Mechanical Engineering Koç University Istanbul 34450 TurkeyDepartment of Mechanical Engineering Koç University Istanbul 34450 TurkeySurface Science and Technology Center (KUYTAM) Koç University Istanbul 34450 TurkeyDepartment of Chemistry Koç University Istanbul 34450 TurkeyDepartment of Mechanical Engineering Koç University Istanbul 34450 TurkeyAbstract Efficient sampling of dermal interstitial fluid (ISF) is essential for continuous monitoring of biomarkers for early detection and management of chronic diseases. Transdermal ISF extraction using microneedles gained popularity due to their minimally invasive nature and efficient sampling capabilities. Among various ISF extraction modalities, passive extraction with hollow polymeric microneedles (HMN) stands out as an efficient, economical and user‐friendly alternative that eliminates the need for external pumps or complex recovery processes. As passive HMN extraction relies on capillary action, influence of surface morphology and wettability of microchannels are investigated. In vitro ISF absorption capacities of HMNs fabricated by laser machining using polylactic acid (PLA), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and polycarbonate (PC) are investigated. Microchannels are created on needle tips through micromachining with a 355 nm laser. Surface roughness induced by laser exposure is most prominent in PLA HMNs, which exhibited an absorption rate of 0.02 mg min−1 per needle at an insertion force of 1.4 N per needle, while PMMA and PC‐based HMNs showed rates of 0.01 mg min−1 at 1.9 and 2.3 N per needle respectively. These findings highlight the critical influence of surface properties in enhancing the capillary action during passive ISF extraction with polymeric HMNs, supporting their potential integration into next‐generation wearable biosensors.https://doi.org/10.1002/admi.202500001hollow microneedlesPassive ISF samplingwearable biosensors
spellingShingle Ipek Atay
Emel Yilgör
Gürdeniz Neşer
Taher Abbasiasl
M. Baris Yagci
Iskender Yilgör
Levent Beker
Critical Role of Surface Properties in Passive Interstitial Fluid Extraction Using Polymeric Hollow Microneedles for Wearable Diagnostics
Advanced Materials Interfaces
hollow microneedles
Passive ISF sampling
wearable biosensors
title Critical Role of Surface Properties in Passive Interstitial Fluid Extraction Using Polymeric Hollow Microneedles for Wearable Diagnostics
title_full Critical Role of Surface Properties in Passive Interstitial Fluid Extraction Using Polymeric Hollow Microneedles for Wearable Diagnostics
title_fullStr Critical Role of Surface Properties in Passive Interstitial Fluid Extraction Using Polymeric Hollow Microneedles for Wearable Diagnostics
title_full_unstemmed Critical Role of Surface Properties in Passive Interstitial Fluid Extraction Using Polymeric Hollow Microneedles for Wearable Diagnostics
title_short Critical Role of Surface Properties in Passive Interstitial Fluid Extraction Using Polymeric Hollow Microneedles for Wearable Diagnostics
title_sort critical role of surface properties in passive interstitial fluid extraction using polymeric hollow microneedles for wearable diagnostics
topic hollow microneedles
Passive ISF sampling
wearable biosensors
url https://doi.org/10.1002/admi.202500001
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