Patterns and Predictors of Timely Presentation and Outcomes of Polytrauma Patients Referred to the Emergency Department of a Tertiary Hospital in Tanzania

Background. Polytrauma patients require special facilities to care for their injuries. In HICs, these patients are rapidly transferred from the scene or the first-health facility directly to a trauma center. However, in many LMICs, prehospital systems do not exist and there are long delays between a...

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Main Authors: Elishah N. Premji, Said S. Kilindimo, Hendry R. Sawe, Amne O. Yussuf, Alphonce N. Simbila, Hussein K. Manji, Juma A. Mfinanga, Ellen J. Weber
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2022-01-01
Series:Emergency Medicine International
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9611602
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author Elishah N. Premji
Said S. Kilindimo
Hendry R. Sawe
Amne O. Yussuf
Alphonce N. Simbila
Hussein K. Manji
Juma A. Mfinanga
Ellen J. Weber
author_facet Elishah N. Premji
Said S. Kilindimo
Hendry R. Sawe
Amne O. Yussuf
Alphonce N. Simbila
Hussein K. Manji
Juma A. Mfinanga
Ellen J. Weber
author_sort Elishah N. Premji
collection DOAJ
description Background. Polytrauma patients require special facilities to care for their injuries. In HICs, these patients are rapidly transferred from the scene or the first-health facility directly to a trauma center. However, in many LMICs, prehospital systems do not exist and there are long delays between arrivals at the first-health facility and the trauma center. We aimed to quantify the delay and determine the predictors of mortality among polytrauma patients. Methodology. We consecutively enrolled adult polytrauma patients (≥18 years) with ISS >15 referred to the Emergency Medicine Department of Muhimbili National Hospital, a major trauma center in Tanzania between August 2019 and January 2020. Based on a pilot study, the arrival of >6 hours after injury was considered a delay. The outcome of interest was factors associated with delayed presentation and the association of timeliness with 7-day mortality. Results. We enrolled 120 (4.5%) referred polytrauma adult patients. The median age was 30 years (IQR 25–39) and the ISS was 29 (IQR 24–34). The majority (85%) were males. While the median time from injury to first-health facility was 40 minutes (IQR 33–50), the median time from injury to arrival at EMD-MNH, was 377 minutes (IQR 314–469). Delayed presentation was noted in more than half (54.2%) of participants, with the odds of dying being 1.4 times higher in the delayed group (95% CI 0.3–5.6). Having a GCS <8 (AOR 16.3 (95% CI 3.1–86.3), hypoxia <92% (AOR 8.3 (95% CI 1.4–50.9), and hypotension <90 mmHg (R 7.3 (95% CI 1.6–33.6) were all independent predictors of mortality. Conclusion. The majority of polytrauma patients arrive at the tertiary facilities delayed for more than 6 hours and a distance of more than 8 km between facilities is associated with delay. Hypotension, hypoxia, and GCS of less than 8 are independent predictors of poor outcome. In the interim, there is a need to expedite the transfer of polytrauma patients to trauma care capable centers.
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spelling doaj-art-12ce97fb46fa4be9b5b5dac04d858fe32025-08-20T02:02:10ZengWileyEmergency Medicine International2090-28592022-01-01202210.1155/2022/9611602Patterns and Predictors of Timely Presentation and Outcomes of Polytrauma Patients Referred to the Emergency Department of a Tertiary Hospital in TanzaniaElishah N. Premji0Said S. Kilindimo1Hendry R. Sawe2Amne O. Yussuf3Alphonce N. Simbila4Hussein K. Manji5Juma A. Mfinanga6Ellen J. Weber7Emergency Medicine DepartmentEmergency Medicine DepartmentEmergency Medicine DepartmentEmergency Medicine DepartmentEmergency Medicine DepartmentEmergency Medicine DepartmentEmergency Medicine DepartmentEmergency Medicine DepartmentBackground. Polytrauma patients require special facilities to care for their injuries. In HICs, these patients are rapidly transferred from the scene or the first-health facility directly to a trauma center. However, in many LMICs, prehospital systems do not exist and there are long delays between arrivals at the first-health facility and the trauma center. We aimed to quantify the delay and determine the predictors of mortality among polytrauma patients. Methodology. We consecutively enrolled adult polytrauma patients (≥18 years) with ISS >15 referred to the Emergency Medicine Department of Muhimbili National Hospital, a major trauma center in Tanzania between August 2019 and January 2020. Based on a pilot study, the arrival of >6 hours after injury was considered a delay. The outcome of interest was factors associated with delayed presentation and the association of timeliness with 7-day mortality. Results. We enrolled 120 (4.5%) referred polytrauma adult patients. The median age was 30 years (IQR 25–39) and the ISS was 29 (IQR 24–34). The majority (85%) were males. While the median time from injury to first-health facility was 40 minutes (IQR 33–50), the median time from injury to arrival at EMD-MNH, was 377 minutes (IQR 314–469). Delayed presentation was noted in more than half (54.2%) of participants, with the odds of dying being 1.4 times higher in the delayed group (95% CI 0.3–5.6). Having a GCS <8 (AOR 16.3 (95% CI 3.1–86.3), hypoxia <92% (AOR 8.3 (95% CI 1.4–50.9), and hypotension <90 mmHg (R 7.3 (95% CI 1.6–33.6) were all independent predictors of mortality. Conclusion. The majority of polytrauma patients arrive at the tertiary facilities delayed for more than 6 hours and a distance of more than 8 km between facilities is associated with delay. Hypotension, hypoxia, and GCS of less than 8 are independent predictors of poor outcome. In the interim, there is a need to expedite the transfer of polytrauma patients to trauma care capable centers.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9611602
spellingShingle Elishah N. Premji
Said S. Kilindimo
Hendry R. Sawe
Amne O. Yussuf
Alphonce N. Simbila
Hussein K. Manji
Juma A. Mfinanga
Ellen J. Weber
Patterns and Predictors of Timely Presentation and Outcomes of Polytrauma Patients Referred to the Emergency Department of a Tertiary Hospital in Tanzania
Emergency Medicine International
title Patterns and Predictors of Timely Presentation and Outcomes of Polytrauma Patients Referred to the Emergency Department of a Tertiary Hospital in Tanzania
title_full Patterns and Predictors of Timely Presentation and Outcomes of Polytrauma Patients Referred to the Emergency Department of a Tertiary Hospital in Tanzania
title_fullStr Patterns and Predictors of Timely Presentation and Outcomes of Polytrauma Patients Referred to the Emergency Department of a Tertiary Hospital in Tanzania
title_full_unstemmed Patterns and Predictors of Timely Presentation and Outcomes of Polytrauma Patients Referred to the Emergency Department of a Tertiary Hospital in Tanzania
title_short Patterns and Predictors of Timely Presentation and Outcomes of Polytrauma Patients Referred to the Emergency Department of a Tertiary Hospital in Tanzania
title_sort patterns and predictors of timely presentation and outcomes of polytrauma patients referred to the emergency department of a tertiary hospital in tanzania
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9611602
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