Implications of Variability and Trends in Coastal Extreme Water Levels

Abstract Probabilities of coastal extreme water levels (EWLs) are increasing as sea levels rise. Using a time‐dependent statistical model on tide gauge data along U.S. and Pacific Basin coastlines, we show that EWL probability distributions also shift on an annual basis from climate forcing and long...

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Main Authors: William V. Sweet, Ayesha S. Genz, Melisa Menendez, John J. Marra, Jayantha Obeysekera
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2024-07-01
Series:Geophysical Research Letters
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL108864
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author William V. Sweet
Ayesha S. Genz
Melisa Menendez
John J. Marra
Jayantha Obeysekera
author_facet William V. Sweet
Ayesha S. Genz
Melisa Menendez
John J. Marra
Jayantha Obeysekera
author_sort William V. Sweet
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Probabilities of coastal extreme water levels (EWLs) are increasing as sea levels rise. Using a time‐dependent statistical model on tide gauge data along U.S. and Pacific Basin coastlines, we show that EWL probability distributions also shift on an annual basis from climate forcing and long‐period tidal cycles. In some regions, combined variability (>15 cm) can be as large or larger than the amount of sea level rise (SLR) experienced over the past 30 years and projected over the next 30 years. Considering SLR and variability by 2050 at a location like La Jolla, California suggests a moderate‐level (damaging) flood today with a 50‐year return level (2% annual chance) would occur about 3–4 times a year during an El Nino nearing the peak of the nodal tide cycle. If interannual variability is overlooked, SLR related impacts could be more severe than anticipated based solely upon decadal‐scale projections.
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spelling doaj-art-12c99436b27a4bcc9a7b2180bda5f4942025-08-20T03:49:46ZengWileyGeophysical Research Letters0094-82761944-80072024-07-015114n/an/a10.1029/2024GL108864Implications of Variability and Trends in Coastal Extreme Water LevelsWilliam V. Sweet0Ayesha S. Genz1Melisa Menendez2John J. Marra3Jayantha Obeysekera4National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Ocean Service Silver Spring MD USANational Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Centers for Environmental Information Honolulu HI USAIHCantabria—Instituto de Hidráulica Ambiental de la Universidad de Cantabria Santander SpainNational Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Centers for Environmental Information Honolulu HI USASea Level Solutions Center Florida International University Miami FL USAAbstract Probabilities of coastal extreme water levels (EWLs) are increasing as sea levels rise. Using a time‐dependent statistical model on tide gauge data along U.S. and Pacific Basin coastlines, we show that EWL probability distributions also shift on an annual basis from climate forcing and long‐period tidal cycles. In some regions, combined variability (>15 cm) can be as large or larger than the amount of sea level rise (SLR) experienced over the past 30 years and projected over the next 30 years. Considering SLR and variability by 2050 at a location like La Jolla, California suggests a moderate‐level (damaging) flood today with a 50‐year return level (2% annual chance) would occur about 3–4 times a year during an El Nino nearing the peak of the nodal tide cycle. If interannual variability is overlooked, SLR related impacts could be more severe than anticipated based solely upon decadal‐scale projections.https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL108864sea level risevariabilitytide gaugetime dependent modelflooding
spellingShingle William V. Sweet
Ayesha S. Genz
Melisa Menendez
John J. Marra
Jayantha Obeysekera
Implications of Variability and Trends in Coastal Extreme Water Levels
Geophysical Research Letters
sea level rise
variability
tide gauge
time dependent model
flooding
title Implications of Variability and Trends in Coastal Extreme Water Levels
title_full Implications of Variability and Trends in Coastal Extreme Water Levels
title_fullStr Implications of Variability and Trends in Coastal Extreme Water Levels
title_full_unstemmed Implications of Variability and Trends in Coastal Extreme Water Levels
title_short Implications of Variability and Trends in Coastal Extreme Water Levels
title_sort implications of variability and trends in coastal extreme water levels
topic sea level rise
variability
tide gauge
time dependent model
flooding
url https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL108864
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