Parkinson's Disease and Sleep/Wake Disturbances

Parkinson's disease (PD) has traditionally been characterized by its cardinal motor symptoms of bradykinesia, rigidity, resting tremor, and postural instability. However, PD is increasingly being recognized as a multidimensional disease associated with myriad nonmotor symptoms including autonom...

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Main Author: Todd J. Swick
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2012-01-01
Series:Parkinson's Disease
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/205471
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author Todd J. Swick
author_facet Todd J. Swick
author_sort Todd J. Swick
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description Parkinson's disease (PD) has traditionally been characterized by its cardinal motor symptoms of bradykinesia, rigidity, resting tremor, and postural instability. However, PD is increasingly being recognized as a multidimensional disease associated with myriad nonmotor symptoms including autonomic dysfunction, mood disorders, cognitive impairment, pain, gastrointestinal disturbance, impaired olfaction, psychosis, and sleep disorders. Sleep disturbances, which include sleep fragmentation, daytime somnolence, sleep-disordered breathing, restless legs syndrome (RLS), nightmares, and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD), are estimated to occur in 60% to 98% of patients with PD. For years nonmotor symptoms received little attention from clinicians and researchers, but now these symptoms are known to be significant predictors of morbidity in determining quality of life, costs of disease, and rates of institutionalization. A discussion of the clinical aspects, pathophysiology, evaluation techniques, and treatment options for the sleep disorders that are encountered with PD is presented.
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spelling doaj-art-12bf8fe9beef4f67aed893e785e1c1582025-02-03T00:59:21ZengWileyParkinson's Disease2090-80832042-00802012-01-01201210.1155/2012/205471205471Parkinson's Disease and Sleep/Wake DisturbancesTodd J. Swick0University of Texas School of Medicine, Houston, TX, USAParkinson's disease (PD) has traditionally been characterized by its cardinal motor symptoms of bradykinesia, rigidity, resting tremor, and postural instability. However, PD is increasingly being recognized as a multidimensional disease associated with myriad nonmotor symptoms including autonomic dysfunction, mood disorders, cognitive impairment, pain, gastrointestinal disturbance, impaired olfaction, psychosis, and sleep disorders. Sleep disturbances, which include sleep fragmentation, daytime somnolence, sleep-disordered breathing, restless legs syndrome (RLS), nightmares, and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD), are estimated to occur in 60% to 98% of patients with PD. For years nonmotor symptoms received little attention from clinicians and researchers, but now these symptoms are known to be significant predictors of morbidity in determining quality of life, costs of disease, and rates of institutionalization. A discussion of the clinical aspects, pathophysiology, evaluation techniques, and treatment options for the sleep disorders that are encountered with PD is presented.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/205471
spellingShingle Todd J. Swick
Parkinson's Disease and Sleep/Wake Disturbances
Parkinson's Disease
title Parkinson's Disease and Sleep/Wake Disturbances
title_full Parkinson's Disease and Sleep/Wake Disturbances
title_fullStr Parkinson's Disease and Sleep/Wake Disturbances
title_full_unstemmed Parkinson's Disease and Sleep/Wake Disturbances
title_short Parkinson's Disease and Sleep/Wake Disturbances
title_sort parkinson s disease and sleep wake disturbances
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/205471
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