Metabolic syndrome and increased susceptibility to renal cell carcinoma – a meta-analysis

Abstract Background Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been demonstrated to be associated with various types of cancer, but its specific relationship with kidney cancer remains inconclusive. Therefore, this study conducts a Meta-analysis to systematically evaluate the potential link between metabolic syn...

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Main Authors: Yanyu Zhou, Yujun Chen, Heng Yang, Zhiqi Xu, Jinbiao Zhuang, Qitao Bian, Gongxian Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-02-01
Series:BMC Nephrology
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12882-025-04013-6
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author Yanyu Zhou
Yujun Chen
Heng Yang
Zhiqi Xu
Jinbiao Zhuang
Qitao Bian
Gongxian Wang
author_facet Yanyu Zhou
Yujun Chen
Heng Yang
Zhiqi Xu
Jinbiao Zhuang
Qitao Bian
Gongxian Wang
author_sort Yanyu Zhou
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been demonstrated to be associated with various types of cancer, but its specific relationship with kidney cancer remains inconclusive. Therefore, this study conducts a Meta-analysis to systematically evaluate the potential link between metabolic syndrome and the risk of kidney cancer development. Methods Observational studies were retrieved from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. Two independent reviewers extracted study characteristics and assessed the quality of the studies. A random-effects model was employed to account for heterogeneity, and subgroup analyses were conducted to explore the impact of study characteristics on the results. Publication bias was evaluated using funnel plot symmetry and Egger’s regression test. Results Six studies were included, with 10 results extracted for the Meta-analysis. The findings indicated that MetS is an independent risk factor for kidney cancer (HR: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.31–1.59, P < 0.001). Heterogeneity between studies was significant (Cochran’s Q test, P < 0.001; I2 = 83.7%), indicating substantial variability. Subgroup analyses revealed consistent associations across gender, follow-up duration, and MetS diagnostic criteria (P > 0.05), but significant variations by race and study design (P < 0.05). The funnel plot appeared symmetrical, and Egger’s regression test (P = 0.425) confirmed a low risk of publication bias. Conclusion MetS is independently associated with an increased susceptibility to RCC in the adult population, although the strength of this association varies across different study designs and regions due to the observed heterogeneity.
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spelling doaj-art-12bd068a184f485bb5b7e592c6ebf78d2025-08-20T02:16:45ZengBMCBMC Nephrology1471-23692025-02-012611910.1186/s12882-025-04013-6Metabolic syndrome and increased susceptibility to renal cell carcinoma – a meta-analysisYanyu Zhou0Yujun Chen1Heng Yang2Zhiqi Xu3Jinbiao Zhuang4Qitao Bian5Gongxian Wang6Department of Urology, the 1st Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang UniversityDepartment of Urology, the 1st Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang UniversityDepartment of Urology, the 1st Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang UniversityDepartment of Urology, the 1st Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang UniversityDepartment of Urology, the 1st Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang UniversityDepartment of Urology, the 1st Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang UniversityDepartment of Urology, the 1st Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang UniversityAbstract Background Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been demonstrated to be associated with various types of cancer, but its specific relationship with kidney cancer remains inconclusive. Therefore, this study conducts a Meta-analysis to systematically evaluate the potential link between metabolic syndrome and the risk of kidney cancer development. Methods Observational studies were retrieved from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. Two independent reviewers extracted study characteristics and assessed the quality of the studies. A random-effects model was employed to account for heterogeneity, and subgroup analyses were conducted to explore the impact of study characteristics on the results. Publication bias was evaluated using funnel plot symmetry and Egger’s regression test. Results Six studies were included, with 10 results extracted for the Meta-analysis. The findings indicated that MetS is an independent risk factor for kidney cancer (HR: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.31–1.59, P < 0.001). Heterogeneity between studies was significant (Cochran’s Q test, P < 0.001; I2 = 83.7%), indicating substantial variability. Subgroup analyses revealed consistent associations across gender, follow-up duration, and MetS diagnostic criteria (P > 0.05), but significant variations by race and study design (P < 0.05). The funnel plot appeared symmetrical, and Egger’s regression test (P = 0.425) confirmed a low risk of publication bias. Conclusion MetS is independently associated with an increased susceptibility to RCC in the adult population, although the strength of this association varies across different study designs and regions due to the observed heterogeneity.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12882-025-04013-6Metabolic syndromeRenal cell cancerMeta-analysis
spellingShingle Yanyu Zhou
Yujun Chen
Heng Yang
Zhiqi Xu
Jinbiao Zhuang
Qitao Bian
Gongxian Wang
Metabolic syndrome and increased susceptibility to renal cell carcinoma – a meta-analysis
BMC Nephrology
Metabolic syndrome
Renal cell cancer
Meta-analysis
title Metabolic syndrome and increased susceptibility to renal cell carcinoma – a meta-analysis
title_full Metabolic syndrome and increased susceptibility to renal cell carcinoma – a meta-analysis
title_fullStr Metabolic syndrome and increased susceptibility to renal cell carcinoma – a meta-analysis
title_full_unstemmed Metabolic syndrome and increased susceptibility to renal cell carcinoma – a meta-analysis
title_short Metabolic syndrome and increased susceptibility to renal cell carcinoma – a meta-analysis
title_sort metabolic syndrome and increased susceptibility to renal cell carcinoma a meta analysis
topic Metabolic syndrome
Renal cell cancer
Meta-analysis
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12882-025-04013-6
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