Dual-gradient metal layer for practicalizing high-energy lithium batteries

Abstract Pairing high-energy nickel-rich cathodes with current collectors as anodes presents a compelling strategy to significantly boost the specific energy of rechargeable lithium-ion batteries, driving progress toward a transportation revolution. However, the limited active lithium inventory sour...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Mengyu Tian, Ronghan Qiao, Guanjun Cen, Li Tian, Liubin Ben, Hailong Yu, Michael De Volder, Chenglong Zhao, Qidi Wang, Xuejie Huang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Nature Communications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-62163-5
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849764634652835840
author Mengyu Tian
Ronghan Qiao
Guanjun Cen
Li Tian
Liubin Ben
Hailong Yu
Michael De Volder
Chenglong Zhao
Qidi Wang
Xuejie Huang
author_facet Mengyu Tian
Ronghan Qiao
Guanjun Cen
Li Tian
Liubin Ben
Hailong Yu
Michael De Volder
Chenglong Zhao
Qidi Wang
Xuejie Huang
author_sort Mengyu Tian
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Pairing high-energy nickel-rich cathodes with current collectors as anodes presents a compelling strategy to significantly boost the specific energy of rechargeable lithium-ion batteries, driving progress toward a transportation revolution. However, the limited active lithium inventory sourced by the cathodes tend to be rapidly consumed by irreversible Li plating/stripping and interfacial side reactions. To address these limitations, we propose a dual-gradient metal layer as an innovative solution to mitigate active Li loss by promoting uniform Li deposition and in situ formation of a stable solid electrolyte interphase. The operation of these batteries is investigated using a combination of electrochemical and chemical techniques to differentiate dead Li and interphase-bound Li inventory loss as well as material characterization methods to analyse the plated Li and interfacial composition and morphology. The developed dual gradient metal layer-based 600 mAh LiNi0.9Co0.05Mn0.05O2 | |Cu pouch cells achieve an areal capacity of 7.25 mAh cm−2 and deliver an 80% capacity retention over 160 cycles. We show that the proposed approach is compatible with a range of different metal materials, offering a promising path toward next generation long-lasting, high-energy, initially active material-free anode based Li metal batteries.
format Article
id doaj-art-12aba300a2ed49049c7ec9af70c283b8
institution DOAJ
issn 2041-1723
language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher Nature Portfolio
record_format Article
series Nature Communications
spelling doaj-art-12aba300a2ed49049c7ec9af70c283b82025-08-20T03:05:05ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232025-07-0116111110.1038/s41467-025-62163-5Dual-gradient metal layer for practicalizing high-energy lithium batteriesMengyu Tian0Ronghan Qiao1Guanjun Cen2Li Tian3Liubin Ben4Hailong Yu5Michael De Volder6Chenglong Zhao7Qidi Wang8Xuejie Huang9Songshan Lake Materials LaboratoryBeijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 3rd South Street, ZhongguancunBeijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 3rd South Street, ZhongguancunSongshan Lake Materials LaboratorySongshan Lake Materials LaboratoryBeijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 3rd South Street, ZhongguancunDepartment of Engineering University of CambridgeShenzhen Key Lab of Energy Materials for Carbon Neutrality Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences ShenzhenDepartment of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and TechnologySongshan Lake Materials LaboratoryAbstract Pairing high-energy nickel-rich cathodes with current collectors as anodes presents a compelling strategy to significantly boost the specific energy of rechargeable lithium-ion batteries, driving progress toward a transportation revolution. However, the limited active lithium inventory sourced by the cathodes tend to be rapidly consumed by irreversible Li plating/stripping and interfacial side reactions. To address these limitations, we propose a dual-gradient metal layer as an innovative solution to mitigate active Li loss by promoting uniform Li deposition and in situ formation of a stable solid electrolyte interphase. The operation of these batteries is investigated using a combination of electrochemical and chemical techniques to differentiate dead Li and interphase-bound Li inventory loss as well as material characterization methods to analyse the plated Li and interfacial composition and morphology. The developed dual gradient metal layer-based 600 mAh LiNi0.9Co0.05Mn0.05O2 | |Cu pouch cells achieve an areal capacity of 7.25 mAh cm−2 and deliver an 80% capacity retention over 160 cycles. We show that the proposed approach is compatible with a range of different metal materials, offering a promising path toward next generation long-lasting, high-energy, initially active material-free anode based Li metal batteries.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-62163-5
spellingShingle Mengyu Tian
Ronghan Qiao
Guanjun Cen
Li Tian
Liubin Ben
Hailong Yu
Michael De Volder
Chenglong Zhao
Qidi Wang
Xuejie Huang
Dual-gradient metal layer for practicalizing high-energy lithium batteries
Nature Communications
title Dual-gradient metal layer for practicalizing high-energy lithium batteries
title_full Dual-gradient metal layer for practicalizing high-energy lithium batteries
title_fullStr Dual-gradient metal layer for practicalizing high-energy lithium batteries
title_full_unstemmed Dual-gradient metal layer for practicalizing high-energy lithium batteries
title_short Dual-gradient metal layer for practicalizing high-energy lithium batteries
title_sort dual gradient metal layer for practicalizing high energy lithium batteries
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-62163-5
work_keys_str_mv AT mengyutian dualgradientmetallayerforpracticalizinghighenergylithiumbatteries
AT ronghanqiao dualgradientmetallayerforpracticalizinghighenergylithiumbatteries
AT guanjuncen dualgradientmetallayerforpracticalizinghighenergylithiumbatteries
AT litian dualgradientmetallayerforpracticalizinghighenergylithiumbatteries
AT liubinben dualgradientmetallayerforpracticalizinghighenergylithiumbatteries
AT hailongyu dualgradientmetallayerforpracticalizinghighenergylithiumbatteries
AT michaeldevolder dualgradientmetallayerforpracticalizinghighenergylithiumbatteries
AT chenglongzhao dualgradientmetallayerforpracticalizinghighenergylithiumbatteries
AT qidiwang dualgradientmetallayerforpracticalizinghighenergylithiumbatteries
AT xuejiehuang dualgradientmetallayerforpracticalizinghighenergylithiumbatteries