Citric acid–enhanced Fe2+ and Cu2+ synergistic activation of persulfate for rhodamine B degradation
Citric acid (CA) and Cu2+ were used to enhance Fe2+-activated persulfate (PDS) for rhodamine B (RhB) oxidative degradation. The effects of PDS concentration, Fe2+ concentration, CA concentration, Cu2+ concentration, pH, and common inorganic anions in water on PDS activation and RhB degradation were...
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Elsevier
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Desalination and Water Treatment |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1944398624002236 |
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| author | Yujing Lin Xudong Wang Hongmin Zhang Yongtao Lv Licheng Chen Shumiao Cao |
| author_facet | Yujing Lin Xudong Wang Hongmin Zhang Yongtao Lv Licheng Chen Shumiao Cao |
| author_sort | Yujing Lin |
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| description | Citric acid (CA) and Cu2+ were used to enhance Fe2+-activated persulfate (PDS) for rhodamine B (RhB) oxidative degradation. The effects of PDS concentration, Fe2+ concentration, CA concentration, Cu2+ concentration, pH, and common inorganic anions in water on PDS activation and RhB degradation were investigated. Results showed that sulfate and hydroxyl radicals were the primary active substances in the reaction system, with sulfate radical playing a key role. The addition of CA and Cu2+ improved the efficiency of RhB decomposition, achieving a removal rate of 98.4% after 30 min of reaction, governed by pseudo-first-order. The presence of a complexing agent, allows effective RhB removal over a wide pH range. The free sulfate radical (SO4·−) concentration increases with increasing Fe2+ concentration. However, when the Fe2+ concentration was higher than 0.5 mM, self-quenching of SO4·− occurred and the RhB degradation rate decreased. In contrast, with increasing PDS concentration, the degradation rate of RhB continued to increase. The radical process was the main mechanism of RhB decomposition. Analysis of intermediates showed that C–C and C–N bond cleavage was the most likely degradation mode for contaminants to become small molecules. |
| format | Article |
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| issn | 1944-3986 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
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| series | Desalination and Water Treatment |
| spelling | doaj-art-12a3148ebb084fe0a6bbbfb7a19476992025-08-20T02:01:15ZengElsevierDesalination and Water Treatment1944-39862024-01-0131710019510.1016/j.dwt.2024.100195Citric acid–enhanced Fe2+ and Cu2+ synergistic activation of persulfate for rhodamine B degradationYujing Lin0Xudong Wang1Hongmin Zhang2Yongtao Lv3Licheng Chen4Shumiao Cao5School of Environmental & Municipal Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Yan Ta Road. No. 13, Xi'an 710055, PR China; Key Laboratory of Membrane Separation of Shaanxi Province, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Yan Ta Road. No.13, Xi’an 710055, PR China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Yan Ta Road. No.13, Xi’an 710055, PR ChinaSchool of Environmental & Municipal Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Yan Ta Road. No. 13, Xi'an 710055, PR China; Key Laboratory of Membrane Separation of Shaanxi Province, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Yan Ta Road. No.13, Xi’an 710055, PR China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Yan Ta Road. No.13, Xi’an 710055, PR China; Corresponding author at: School of Environmental & Municipal Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Yan Ta Road. No. 13, Xi'an 710055, PR China.School of Environmental & Municipal Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Yan Ta Road. No. 13, Xi'an 710055, PR China; Key Laboratory of Membrane Separation of Shaanxi Province, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Yan Ta Road. No.13, Xi’an 710055, PR China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Yan Ta Road. No.13, Xi’an 710055, PR ChinaSchool of Environmental & Municipal Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Yan Ta Road. No. 13, Xi'an 710055, PR China; Key Laboratory of Membrane Separation of Shaanxi Province, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Yan Ta Road. No.13, Xi’an 710055, PR China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Yan Ta Road. No.13, Xi’an 710055, PR ChinaSchool of Environmental & Municipal Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Yan Ta Road. No. 13, Xi'an 710055, PR China; Key Laboratory of Membrane Separation of Shaanxi Province, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Yan Ta Road. No.13, Xi’an 710055, PR China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Yan Ta Road. No.13, Xi’an 710055, PR ChinaSchool of Environmental & Municipal Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Yan Ta Road. No. 13, Xi'an 710055, PR China; Key Laboratory of Membrane Separation of Shaanxi Province, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Yan Ta Road. No.13, Xi’an 710055, PR China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Yan Ta Road. No.13, Xi’an 710055, PR ChinaCitric acid (CA) and Cu2+ were used to enhance Fe2+-activated persulfate (PDS) for rhodamine B (RhB) oxidative degradation. The effects of PDS concentration, Fe2+ concentration, CA concentration, Cu2+ concentration, pH, and common inorganic anions in water on PDS activation and RhB degradation were investigated. Results showed that sulfate and hydroxyl radicals were the primary active substances in the reaction system, with sulfate radical playing a key role. The addition of CA and Cu2+ improved the efficiency of RhB decomposition, achieving a removal rate of 98.4% after 30 min of reaction, governed by pseudo-first-order. The presence of a complexing agent, allows effective RhB removal over a wide pH range. The free sulfate radical (SO4·−) concentration increases with increasing Fe2+ concentration. However, when the Fe2+ concentration was higher than 0.5 mM, self-quenching of SO4·− occurred and the RhB degradation rate decreased. In contrast, with increasing PDS concentration, the degradation rate of RhB continued to increase. The radical process was the main mechanism of RhB decomposition. Analysis of intermediates showed that C–C and C–N bond cleavage was the most likely degradation mode for contaminants to become small molecules.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1944398624002236PersulfateFe–Cu bimetal effectCitric acidRhodamine BFree radicals |
| spellingShingle | Yujing Lin Xudong Wang Hongmin Zhang Yongtao Lv Licheng Chen Shumiao Cao Citric acid–enhanced Fe2+ and Cu2+ synergistic activation of persulfate for rhodamine B degradation Desalination and Water Treatment Persulfate Fe–Cu bimetal effect Citric acid Rhodamine B Free radicals |
| title | Citric acid–enhanced Fe2+ and Cu2+ synergistic activation of persulfate for rhodamine B degradation |
| title_full | Citric acid–enhanced Fe2+ and Cu2+ synergistic activation of persulfate for rhodamine B degradation |
| title_fullStr | Citric acid–enhanced Fe2+ and Cu2+ synergistic activation of persulfate for rhodamine B degradation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Citric acid–enhanced Fe2+ and Cu2+ synergistic activation of persulfate for rhodamine B degradation |
| title_short | Citric acid–enhanced Fe2+ and Cu2+ synergistic activation of persulfate for rhodamine B degradation |
| title_sort | citric acid enhanced fe2 and cu2 synergistic activation of persulfate for rhodamine b degradation |
| topic | Persulfate Fe–Cu bimetal effect Citric acid Rhodamine B Free radicals |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1944398624002236 |
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