Citric acid–enhanced Fe2+ and Cu2+ synergistic activation of persulfate for rhodamine B degradation

Citric acid (CA) and Cu2+ were used to enhance Fe2+-activated persulfate (PDS) for rhodamine B (RhB) oxidative degradation. The effects of PDS concentration, Fe2+ concentration, CA concentration, Cu2+ concentration, pH, and common inorganic anions in water on PDS activation and RhB degradation were...

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Main Authors: Yujing Lin, Xudong Wang, Hongmin Zhang, Yongtao Lv, Licheng Chen, Shumiao Cao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2024-01-01
Series:Desalination and Water Treatment
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1944398624002236
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author Yujing Lin
Xudong Wang
Hongmin Zhang
Yongtao Lv
Licheng Chen
Shumiao Cao
author_facet Yujing Lin
Xudong Wang
Hongmin Zhang
Yongtao Lv
Licheng Chen
Shumiao Cao
author_sort Yujing Lin
collection DOAJ
description Citric acid (CA) and Cu2+ were used to enhance Fe2+-activated persulfate (PDS) for rhodamine B (RhB) oxidative degradation. The effects of PDS concentration, Fe2+ concentration, CA concentration, Cu2+ concentration, pH, and common inorganic anions in water on PDS activation and RhB degradation were investigated. Results showed that sulfate and hydroxyl radicals were the primary active substances in the reaction system, with sulfate radical playing a key role. The addition of CA and Cu2+ improved the efficiency of RhB decomposition, achieving a removal rate of 98.4% after 30 min of reaction, governed by pseudo-first-order. The presence of a complexing agent, allows effective RhB removal over a wide pH range. The free sulfate radical (SO4·−) concentration increases with increasing Fe2+ concentration. However, when the Fe2+ concentration was higher than 0.5 mM, self-quenching of SO4·− occurred and the RhB degradation rate decreased. In contrast, with increasing PDS concentration, the degradation rate of RhB continued to increase. The radical process was the main mechanism of RhB decomposition. Analysis of intermediates showed that C–C and C–N bond cleavage was the most likely degradation mode for contaminants to become small molecules.
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spelling doaj-art-12a3148ebb084fe0a6bbbfb7a19476992025-08-20T02:01:15ZengElsevierDesalination and Water Treatment1944-39862024-01-0131710019510.1016/j.dwt.2024.100195Citric acid–enhanced Fe2+ and Cu2+ synergistic activation of persulfate for rhodamine B degradationYujing Lin0Xudong Wang1Hongmin Zhang2Yongtao Lv3Licheng Chen4Shumiao Cao5School of Environmental & Municipal Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Yan Ta Road. No. 13, Xi'an 710055, PR China; Key Laboratory of Membrane Separation of Shaanxi Province, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Yan Ta Road. No.13, Xi’an 710055, PR China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Yan Ta Road. No.13, Xi’an 710055, PR ChinaSchool of Environmental & Municipal Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Yan Ta Road. No. 13, Xi'an 710055, PR China; Key Laboratory of Membrane Separation of Shaanxi Province, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Yan Ta Road. No.13, Xi’an 710055, PR China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Yan Ta Road. No.13, Xi’an 710055, PR China; Corresponding author at: School of Environmental & Municipal Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Yan Ta Road. No. 13, Xi'an 710055, PR China.School of Environmental & Municipal Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Yan Ta Road. No. 13, Xi'an 710055, PR China; Key Laboratory of Membrane Separation of Shaanxi Province, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Yan Ta Road. No.13, Xi’an 710055, PR China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Yan Ta Road. No.13, Xi’an 710055, PR ChinaSchool of Environmental & Municipal Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Yan Ta Road. No. 13, Xi'an 710055, PR China; Key Laboratory of Membrane Separation of Shaanxi Province, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Yan Ta Road. No.13, Xi’an 710055, PR China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Yan Ta Road. No.13, Xi’an 710055, PR ChinaSchool of Environmental & Municipal Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Yan Ta Road. No. 13, Xi'an 710055, PR China; Key Laboratory of Membrane Separation of Shaanxi Province, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Yan Ta Road. No.13, Xi’an 710055, PR China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Yan Ta Road. No.13, Xi’an 710055, PR ChinaSchool of Environmental & Municipal Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Yan Ta Road. No. 13, Xi'an 710055, PR China; Key Laboratory of Membrane Separation of Shaanxi Province, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Yan Ta Road. No.13, Xi’an 710055, PR China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Yan Ta Road. No.13, Xi’an 710055, PR ChinaCitric acid (CA) and Cu2+ were used to enhance Fe2+-activated persulfate (PDS) for rhodamine B (RhB) oxidative degradation. The effects of PDS concentration, Fe2+ concentration, CA concentration, Cu2+ concentration, pH, and common inorganic anions in water on PDS activation and RhB degradation were investigated. Results showed that sulfate and hydroxyl radicals were the primary active substances in the reaction system, with sulfate radical playing a key role. The addition of CA and Cu2+ improved the efficiency of RhB decomposition, achieving a removal rate of 98.4% after 30 min of reaction, governed by pseudo-first-order. The presence of a complexing agent, allows effective RhB removal over a wide pH range. The free sulfate radical (SO4·−) concentration increases with increasing Fe2+ concentration. However, when the Fe2+ concentration was higher than 0.5 mM, self-quenching of SO4·− occurred and the RhB degradation rate decreased. In contrast, with increasing PDS concentration, the degradation rate of RhB continued to increase. The radical process was the main mechanism of RhB decomposition. Analysis of intermediates showed that C–C and C–N bond cleavage was the most likely degradation mode for contaminants to become small molecules.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1944398624002236PersulfateFe–Cu bimetal effectCitric acidRhodamine BFree radicals
spellingShingle Yujing Lin
Xudong Wang
Hongmin Zhang
Yongtao Lv
Licheng Chen
Shumiao Cao
Citric acid–enhanced Fe2+ and Cu2+ synergistic activation of persulfate for rhodamine B degradation
Desalination and Water Treatment
Persulfate
Fe–Cu bimetal effect
Citric acid
Rhodamine B
Free radicals
title Citric acid–enhanced Fe2+ and Cu2+ synergistic activation of persulfate for rhodamine B degradation
title_full Citric acid–enhanced Fe2+ and Cu2+ synergistic activation of persulfate for rhodamine B degradation
title_fullStr Citric acid–enhanced Fe2+ and Cu2+ synergistic activation of persulfate for rhodamine B degradation
title_full_unstemmed Citric acid–enhanced Fe2+ and Cu2+ synergistic activation of persulfate for rhodamine B degradation
title_short Citric acid–enhanced Fe2+ and Cu2+ synergistic activation of persulfate for rhodamine B degradation
title_sort citric acid enhanced fe2 and cu2 synergistic activation of persulfate for rhodamine b degradation
topic Persulfate
Fe–Cu bimetal effect
Citric acid
Rhodamine B
Free radicals
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1944398624002236
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