Effects of remnant cholesterol on adverse renal outcomes in lupus nephritis

Abstract Background Remnant cholesterol (RC) causes inflammation and promotes kidney diseases development. However, its role in lupus nephritis (LN) remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between RC and LN. Methods This observational study was conducted among p...

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Main Authors: Xiaolei Shi, Xinxin Zhang, Yuewen Lu, Wang Xiang, Xin Wang, Jianwen Yu, Hongjian Ye, Haishan Wu, Ruihan Tang, Xi Xia, Wei Chen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-04-01
Series:Lipids in Health and Disease
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12944-025-02503-y
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author Xiaolei Shi
Xinxin Zhang
Yuewen Lu
Wang Xiang
Xin Wang
Jianwen Yu
Hongjian Ye
Haishan Wu
Ruihan Tang
Xi Xia
Wei Chen
author_facet Xiaolei Shi
Xinxin Zhang
Yuewen Lu
Wang Xiang
Xin Wang
Jianwen Yu
Hongjian Ye
Haishan Wu
Ruihan Tang
Xi Xia
Wei Chen
author_sort Xiaolei Shi
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Remnant cholesterol (RC) causes inflammation and promotes kidney diseases development. However, its role in lupus nephritis (LN) remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between RC and LN. Methods This observational study was conducted among patients enrolled between 2000 and 2018 in the High Quality Evidence of Guangzhou Lupus Nephritis Cohort. The study outcomes were defined as adverse renal outcomes, including serum creatinine doubled and end-stage renal disease. Patients were stratified into lower and higher RC groups based on the optimal cutoff RC value (86.88 mg/dL) for adverse renal outcomes. To explore the association between renal outcomes and RC, survival analyses, multivariate Cox regression analyses, and subgroup analyses were conducted. Results Overall, 909 individuals were enrolled. Over a median follow-up of 8.33 (interquartile range, 3.08–12.83) years, 134(14.74%) of them reached renal endpoints. Kaplan-Meier survival analyses indicated that patients with higher RC levels were more susceptible to adverse renal outcomes in LN (P < 0.001). After adjusting for confounding factors, higher RC levels exhibited significant correlations with adverse renal outcomes in LN [hazard ratio (HR):1.98, 95% confidence interval (CI):1.16–3.39; P = 0.012]. Subgroup analyses revealed a strong relationship between the higher RC and adverse renal outcomes, particularly in patients aged < 40 years, with an estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 ml/min/1.73m2 or proliferative pathological changes or nephrotic syndrome (P < 0.05). Conclusions Higher RC levels were significantly associated with poor renal outcomes in LN, indicating that RC may become a non-invasive prognostic tool in clinical assessment of LN.
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spelling doaj-art-127852d9811e4deeae0456ec1f7ab33e2025-08-20T03:10:10ZengBMCLipids in Health and Disease1476-511X2025-04-0124111110.1186/s12944-025-02503-yEffects of remnant cholesterol on adverse renal outcomes in lupus nephritisXiaolei Shi0Xinxin Zhang1Yuewen Lu2Wang Xiang3Xin Wang4Jianwen Yu5Hongjian Ye6Haishan Wu7Ruihan Tang8Xi Xia9Wei Chen10Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityDepartment of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityDepartment of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityDepartment of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityDepartment of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityDepartment of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityDepartment of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityDepartment of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityDepartment of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityDepartment of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityDepartment of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityAbstract Background Remnant cholesterol (RC) causes inflammation and promotes kidney diseases development. However, its role in lupus nephritis (LN) remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between RC and LN. Methods This observational study was conducted among patients enrolled between 2000 and 2018 in the High Quality Evidence of Guangzhou Lupus Nephritis Cohort. The study outcomes were defined as adverse renal outcomes, including serum creatinine doubled and end-stage renal disease. Patients were stratified into lower and higher RC groups based on the optimal cutoff RC value (86.88 mg/dL) for adverse renal outcomes. To explore the association between renal outcomes and RC, survival analyses, multivariate Cox regression analyses, and subgroup analyses were conducted. Results Overall, 909 individuals were enrolled. Over a median follow-up of 8.33 (interquartile range, 3.08–12.83) years, 134(14.74%) of them reached renal endpoints. Kaplan-Meier survival analyses indicated that patients with higher RC levels were more susceptible to adverse renal outcomes in LN (P < 0.001). After adjusting for confounding factors, higher RC levels exhibited significant correlations with adverse renal outcomes in LN [hazard ratio (HR):1.98, 95% confidence interval (CI):1.16–3.39; P = 0.012]. Subgroup analyses revealed a strong relationship between the higher RC and adverse renal outcomes, particularly in patients aged < 40 years, with an estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 ml/min/1.73m2 or proliferative pathological changes or nephrotic syndrome (P < 0.05). Conclusions Higher RC levels were significantly associated with poor renal outcomes in LN, indicating that RC may become a non-invasive prognostic tool in clinical assessment of LN.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12944-025-02503-yLupus nephritisRemnant cholesterol (RC)Lipid profileRenal outcomesEnd-stage renal disease (ESRD)
spellingShingle Xiaolei Shi
Xinxin Zhang
Yuewen Lu
Wang Xiang
Xin Wang
Jianwen Yu
Hongjian Ye
Haishan Wu
Ruihan Tang
Xi Xia
Wei Chen
Effects of remnant cholesterol on adverse renal outcomes in lupus nephritis
Lipids in Health and Disease
Lupus nephritis
Remnant cholesterol (RC)
Lipid profile
Renal outcomes
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
title Effects of remnant cholesterol on adverse renal outcomes in lupus nephritis
title_full Effects of remnant cholesterol on adverse renal outcomes in lupus nephritis
title_fullStr Effects of remnant cholesterol on adverse renal outcomes in lupus nephritis
title_full_unstemmed Effects of remnant cholesterol on adverse renal outcomes in lupus nephritis
title_short Effects of remnant cholesterol on adverse renal outcomes in lupus nephritis
title_sort effects of remnant cholesterol on adverse renal outcomes in lupus nephritis
topic Lupus nephritis
Remnant cholesterol (RC)
Lipid profile
Renal outcomes
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12944-025-02503-y
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