The evaluation of anti-diphtheria toxoid antibodies after 5 years with the primary Tetanus-Diphtheria vaccine in persons aged 6-25 years in Kon Tum, Vietnam: a follow-up study

Introduction: Diphtheria is a serious infectious disease although being vaccine-preventable. 5-year follow-up study aimed to evaluate the persistence of IgG antibodies to diphtheria toxoid after Tetanus-diphtheria primary immunization for persons aged 6-25 years in Kon Tum, Viet Nam. Methodology:...

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Main Authors: Tuan Van Le, Van Thi Tuyet Nguyen, Quan Hoang Nguyen, Huong Le Thien Tran, Son Dinh Tran, Chien Chinh Vien
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 2025-01-01
Series:Journal of Infection in Developing Countries
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Online Access:https://jidc.org/index.php/journal/article/view/19390
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author Tuan Van Le
Van Thi Tuyet Nguyen
Quan Hoang Nguyen
Huong Le Thien Tran
Son Dinh Tran
Chien Chinh Vien
author_facet Tuan Van Le
Van Thi Tuyet Nguyen
Quan Hoang Nguyen
Huong Le Thien Tran
Son Dinh Tran
Chien Chinh Vien
author_sort Tuan Van Le
collection DOAJ
description Introduction: Diphtheria is a serious infectious disease although being vaccine-preventable. 5-year follow-up study aimed to evaluate the persistence of IgG antibodies to diphtheria toxoid after Tetanus-diphtheria primary immunization for persons aged 6-25 years in Kon Tum, Viet Nam. Methodology: Blood samples were obtained from 128 healthy persons aged 6-25 years collected in 2021. Samples were tested for diphtheria toxoid antibodies by commercial Anti-Diphtheria Toxoid IgG Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Results: One month after Td primary vaccination, 92.2% of participants were fully protected against diphtheria (> 0.1 IU/mL). GMCs increased from 0.04 to 0.91 IU/mL at one month, which were maintained in nearly 90% of vaccinees at 5 years. Among children aged 6-10 years, 97.3% had full protection at 1 month after primary vaccination, maintained in 94.6% at 5 years. Among adolescents and adults, 81.0% to 98.5% had full protection at 1 month after vaccination, which were maintained from 72.7% to 96.7% at 5 years. Although, the antibodies slightly declined approximately 5 years post-vaccination, but remained several-fold higher than pre-vaccination. Conclusions: Td vaccine provides long-lasting protective antibodies against diphtheria. These data may inform discussion of the need for Td booster vaccinations among high-risk persons.
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publishDate 2025-01-01
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spelling doaj-art-1270d8b4a7fb41caa5c6efc981a6f1122025-08-20T02:27:07ZengThe Journal of Infection in Developing CountriesJournal of Infection in Developing Countries1972-26802025-01-01190110.3855/jidc.19390The evaluation of anti-diphtheria toxoid antibodies after 5 years with the primary Tetanus-Diphtheria vaccine in persons aged 6-25 years in Kon Tum, Vietnam: a follow-up studyTuan Van Le0Van Thi Tuyet Nguyen1Quan Hoang Nguyen2Huong Le Thien Tran3Son Dinh Tran4Chien Chinh Vien5Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tay Nguyen Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Buon Ma Thuot, VietnamDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Tay Nguyen Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Buon Ma Thuot, VietnamDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Tay Nguyen Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Buon Ma Thuot, VietnamDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Tay Nguyen Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Buon Ma Thuot, VietnamDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Tay Nguyen Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Buon Ma Thuot, VietnamCommunicable Disease Control Department, Tay Nguyen Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Buon Ma Thuot, Vietnam Introduction: Diphtheria is a serious infectious disease although being vaccine-preventable. 5-year follow-up study aimed to evaluate the persistence of IgG antibodies to diphtheria toxoid after Tetanus-diphtheria primary immunization for persons aged 6-25 years in Kon Tum, Viet Nam. Methodology: Blood samples were obtained from 128 healthy persons aged 6-25 years collected in 2021. Samples were tested for diphtheria toxoid antibodies by commercial Anti-Diphtheria Toxoid IgG Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Results: One month after Td primary vaccination, 92.2% of participants were fully protected against diphtheria (> 0.1 IU/mL). GMCs increased from 0.04 to 0.91 IU/mL at one month, which were maintained in nearly 90% of vaccinees at 5 years. Among children aged 6-10 years, 97.3% had full protection at 1 month after primary vaccination, maintained in 94.6% at 5 years. Among adolescents and adults, 81.0% to 98.5% had full protection at 1 month after vaccination, which were maintained from 72.7% to 96.7% at 5 years. Although, the antibodies slightly declined approximately 5 years post-vaccination, but remained several-fold higher than pre-vaccination. Conclusions: Td vaccine provides long-lasting protective antibodies against diphtheria. These data may inform discussion of the need for Td booster vaccinations among high-risk persons. https://jidc.org/index.php/journal/article/view/19390Diphtheriatetanus-diphtheria vaccineantibodiesseroprevalenceKon TumVietnam
spellingShingle Tuan Van Le
Van Thi Tuyet Nguyen
Quan Hoang Nguyen
Huong Le Thien Tran
Son Dinh Tran
Chien Chinh Vien
The evaluation of anti-diphtheria toxoid antibodies after 5 years with the primary Tetanus-Diphtheria vaccine in persons aged 6-25 years in Kon Tum, Vietnam: a follow-up study
Journal of Infection in Developing Countries
Diphtheria
tetanus-diphtheria vaccine
antibodies
seroprevalence
Kon Tum
Vietnam
title The evaluation of anti-diphtheria toxoid antibodies after 5 years with the primary Tetanus-Diphtheria vaccine in persons aged 6-25 years in Kon Tum, Vietnam: a follow-up study
title_full The evaluation of anti-diphtheria toxoid antibodies after 5 years with the primary Tetanus-Diphtheria vaccine in persons aged 6-25 years in Kon Tum, Vietnam: a follow-up study
title_fullStr The evaluation of anti-diphtheria toxoid antibodies after 5 years with the primary Tetanus-Diphtheria vaccine in persons aged 6-25 years in Kon Tum, Vietnam: a follow-up study
title_full_unstemmed The evaluation of anti-diphtheria toxoid antibodies after 5 years with the primary Tetanus-Diphtheria vaccine in persons aged 6-25 years in Kon Tum, Vietnam: a follow-up study
title_short The evaluation of anti-diphtheria toxoid antibodies after 5 years with the primary Tetanus-Diphtheria vaccine in persons aged 6-25 years in Kon Tum, Vietnam: a follow-up study
title_sort evaluation of anti diphtheria toxoid antibodies after 5 years with the primary tetanus diphtheria vaccine in persons aged 6 25 years in kon tum vietnam a follow up study
topic Diphtheria
tetanus-diphtheria vaccine
antibodies
seroprevalence
Kon Tum
Vietnam
url https://jidc.org/index.php/journal/article/view/19390
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