Occurrence State and Time-Shift Characteristics of Residual Oil in Low-Permeability Reservoirs After Long-Term Waterflooding in Changqing Oilfield

This study focuses on a low-permeability sandstone reservoir in the Changqing Oilfield, aiming to elucidate the formation mechanism and occurrence state of residual oil during late-stage waterflooding development, thereby providing theoretical guidance for refined residual oil recovery. By integrati...

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Main Authors: Yangnan Shangguan, Boying Li, Chunning Gao, Junhong Jia, Yongqiang Zhang, Jinghua Wang, Tao Xu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Energies
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/8/2001
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author Yangnan Shangguan
Boying Li
Chunning Gao
Junhong Jia
Yongqiang Zhang
Jinghua Wang
Tao Xu
author_facet Yangnan Shangguan
Boying Li
Chunning Gao
Junhong Jia
Yongqiang Zhang
Jinghua Wang
Tao Xu
author_sort Yangnan Shangguan
collection DOAJ
description This study focuses on a low-permeability sandstone reservoir in the Changqing Oilfield, aiming to elucidate the formation mechanism and occurrence state of residual oil during late-stage waterflooding development, thereby providing theoretical guidance for refined residual oil recovery. By integrating scanning electron microscopy (SEM), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and digital core analysis, the oil–water occurrence state and dynamic characteristics during waterflooding were systematically investigated. NMR was employed to determine fluid distribution within core pores, while CT scanning was utilized to construct a 3D digital core model, enabling the identification of microscopic residual oil displacement and occurrence states at different flooding stages. The oil displacement efficiency was further analyzed based on variations in oil–water distribution and occurrence states within the core. The results demonstrate that pore and throat size and connectivity are the primary factors governing reservoir permeability. After high-pore-volume (PV) waterflooding, microscopic residual oil predominantly exists as dispersed droplets, films, and small-scale clusters or columns. Although prolonged high-PV waterflooding effectively expands the sweep volume, localized displacement efficiency declines, and reservoir heterogeneity adversely affects sweep volume maintenance. The post-flooding residual oil characteristics are collectively determined by the core’s local connectivity, wettability, and pore–throat morphology. This research systematically analyzes the occurrence patterns and evolutionary trends of residual oil in low-permeability reservoirs during long-term waterflooding, providing critical theoretical insights and technical support for enhanced oil recovery and residual oil exploitation.
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spelling doaj-art-126fc06af9cc41ac93bf58366e0d9d6a2025-08-20T03:13:58ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732025-04-01188200110.3390/en18082001Occurrence State and Time-Shift Characteristics of Residual Oil in Low-Permeability Reservoirs After Long-Term Waterflooding in Changqing OilfieldYangnan Shangguan0Boying Li1Chunning Gao2Junhong Jia3Yongqiang Zhang4Jinghua Wang5Tao Xu6Research Institute of Exploration and Development, Changqing Oilfield Company, PetroChina, Xi’an 710018, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting, College of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 100100, ChinaResearch Institute of Exploration and Development, Changqing Oilfield Company, PetroChina, Xi’an 710018, ChinaResearch Institute of Exploration and Development, Changqing Oilfield Company, PetroChina, Xi’an 710018, ChinaResearch Institute of Exploration and Development, Changqing Oilfield Company, PetroChina, Xi’an 710018, ChinaResearch Institute of Exploration and Development, Changqing Oilfield Company, PetroChina, Xi’an 710018, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting, College of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 100100, ChinaThis study focuses on a low-permeability sandstone reservoir in the Changqing Oilfield, aiming to elucidate the formation mechanism and occurrence state of residual oil during late-stage waterflooding development, thereby providing theoretical guidance for refined residual oil recovery. By integrating scanning electron microscopy (SEM), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and digital core analysis, the oil–water occurrence state and dynamic characteristics during waterflooding were systematically investigated. NMR was employed to determine fluid distribution within core pores, while CT scanning was utilized to construct a 3D digital core model, enabling the identification of microscopic residual oil displacement and occurrence states at different flooding stages. The oil displacement efficiency was further analyzed based on variations in oil–water distribution and occurrence states within the core. The results demonstrate that pore and throat size and connectivity are the primary factors governing reservoir permeability. After high-pore-volume (PV) waterflooding, microscopic residual oil predominantly exists as dispersed droplets, films, and small-scale clusters or columns. Although prolonged high-PV waterflooding effectively expands the sweep volume, localized displacement efficiency declines, and reservoir heterogeneity adversely affects sweep volume maintenance. The post-flooding residual oil characteristics are collectively determined by the core’s local connectivity, wettability, and pore–throat morphology. This research systematically analyzes the occurrence patterns and evolutionary trends of residual oil in low-permeability reservoirs during long-term waterflooding, providing critical theoretical insights and technical support for enhanced oil recovery and residual oil exploitation.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/8/2001digital corepore structureflow simulationmicro water–oil displacementremaining oil distribution
spellingShingle Yangnan Shangguan
Boying Li
Chunning Gao
Junhong Jia
Yongqiang Zhang
Jinghua Wang
Tao Xu
Occurrence State and Time-Shift Characteristics of Residual Oil in Low-Permeability Reservoirs After Long-Term Waterflooding in Changqing Oilfield
Energies
digital core
pore structure
flow simulation
micro water–oil displacement
remaining oil distribution
title Occurrence State and Time-Shift Characteristics of Residual Oil in Low-Permeability Reservoirs After Long-Term Waterflooding in Changqing Oilfield
title_full Occurrence State and Time-Shift Characteristics of Residual Oil in Low-Permeability Reservoirs After Long-Term Waterflooding in Changqing Oilfield
title_fullStr Occurrence State and Time-Shift Characteristics of Residual Oil in Low-Permeability Reservoirs After Long-Term Waterflooding in Changqing Oilfield
title_full_unstemmed Occurrence State and Time-Shift Characteristics of Residual Oil in Low-Permeability Reservoirs After Long-Term Waterflooding in Changqing Oilfield
title_short Occurrence State and Time-Shift Characteristics of Residual Oil in Low-Permeability Reservoirs After Long-Term Waterflooding in Changqing Oilfield
title_sort occurrence state and time shift characteristics of residual oil in low permeability reservoirs after long term waterflooding in changqing oilfield
topic digital core
pore structure
flow simulation
micro water–oil displacement
remaining oil distribution
url https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/8/2001
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