Anatomical Variations and Morphometry of Carotid Sinus: A Computed Tomography Study
Background: The radiological evaluation of the carotid sinus (CS) anatomy and its morphometry is essentially important for various surgical procedures involving the carotid bifurcation and the CS itself. Despite its tremendous clinical significance, studies dealing with the CS anatomy are seldom rep...
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MDPI AG
2025-04-01
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| author | Noor Fazaldad Srinivasa Rao Sirasanagandla Anwar Al-Shuaili Sreenivasulu Reddy Mogali Ramya Chandrasekaran Humoud Al Dhuhli Eiman Al-Ajmi |
| author_facet | Noor Fazaldad Srinivasa Rao Sirasanagandla Anwar Al-Shuaili Sreenivasulu Reddy Mogali Ramya Chandrasekaran Humoud Al Dhuhli Eiman Al-Ajmi |
| author_sort | Noor Fazaldad |
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| description | Background: The radiological evaluation of the carotid sinus (CS) anatomy and its morphometry is essentially important for various surgical procedures involving the carotid bifurcation and the CS itself. Despite its tremendous clinical significance, studies dealing with the CS anatomy are seldom reported. Hence, the present study aimed to evaluate the frequencies of the CS positional variants and their morphometry and correlate them with age and body mass index (BMI). Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, a total of 754 disease-free carotid arteries were examined using computed tomography angiography scans to determine the CS positional variations (such as types I to III) and its morphometry, including the CS diameter and length. Additionally, the association between these parameters and factors such as sex, age, and body mass index were explored using appropriate statistical tests. The inter-rater agreement of the collected dataset was evaluated using Cohen’s Kappa. Results: The CS type I was observed in 87.67% of the cases, and type II and type III were observed at lower frequencies with 9.02% and 3.32%, respectively. There were statistically significant (<i>p</i> < 0.001) differences observed in the mean diameter and length of the sinus between the sex and the type I CS variations. However, there was no significant and strong correlation between the age and BMI factors with sinus length and sinus diameter. The kappa values for inter-rater agreement ranged from 0.77 to 0.99 for all parameters. Conclusions: In type I, the CS length and carotid vessel’s diameter is significantly different between the sexes. However, age and BMI do not affect the CS anatomy in radiologically disease-free carotid arteries. Knowledge of the CS variant anatomy is clinically significant as it influences the patients’ surgical and physiological outcomes. |
| format | Article |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
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| series | Tomography |
| spelling | doaj-art-1263b49c3cc247f4883c846d23aa9e4f2025-08-20T02:25:07ZengMDPI AGTomography2379-13812379-139X2025-04-011144510.3390/tomography11040045Anatomical Variations and Morphometry of Carotid Sinus: A Computed Tomography StudyNoor Fazaldad0Srinivasa Rao Sirasanagandla1Anwar Al-Shuaili2Sreenivasulu Reddy Mogali3Ramya Chandrasekaran4Humoud Al Dhuhli5Eiman Al-Ajmi6Radiology Residency Program, Oman Medical Specialty Board, Al-Khoudh, Muscat 132, OmanDepartment of Human and Clinical Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoudh, Muscat 123, OmanRadiology Residency Program, Oman Medical Specialty Board, Al-Khoudh, Muscat 132, OmanLee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, SingaporeLee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, SingaporeDepartment of Radiology and Molecular Imaging, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, University Medical City, Al-Khoudh, Muscat 123, OmanDepartment of Radiology and Molecular Imaging, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, University Medical City, Al-Khoudh, Muscat 123, OmanBackground: The radiological evaluation of the carotid sinus (CS) anatomy and its morphometry is essentially important for various surgical procedures involving the carotid bifurcation and the CS itself. Despite its tremendous clinical significance, studies dealing with the CS anatomy are seldom reported. Hence, the present study aimed to evaluate the frequencies of the CS positional variants and their morphometry and correlate them with age and body mass index (BMI). Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, a total of 754 disease-free carotid arteries were examined using computed tomography angiography scans to determine the CS positional variations (such as types I to III) and its morphometry, including the CS diameter and length. Additionally, the association between these parameters and factors such as sex, age, and body mass index were explored using appropriate statistical tests. The inter-rater agreement of the collected dataset was evaluated using Cohen’s Kappa. Results: The CS type I was observed in 87.67% of the cases, and type II and type III were observed at lower frequencies with 9.02% and 3.32%, respectively. There were statistically significant (<i>p</i> < 0.001) differences observed in the mean diameter and length of the sinus between the sex and the type I CS variations. However, there was no significant and strong correlation between the age and BMI factors with sinus length and sinus diameter. The kappa values for inter-rater agreement ranged from 0.77 to 0.99 for all parameters. Conclusions: In type I, the CS length and carotid vessel’s diameter is significantly different between the sexes. However, age and BMI do not affect the CS anatomy in radiologically disease-free carotid arteries. Knowledge of the CS variant anatomy is clinically significant as it influences the patients’ surgical and physiological outcomes.https://www.mdpi.com/2379-139X/11/4/45carotid arteryatherosclerosismorphometrycarotid sinusvariations |
| spellingShingle | Noor Fazaldad Srinivasa Rao Sirasanagandla Anwar Al-Shuaili Sreenivasulu Reddy Mogali Ramya Chandrasekaran Humoud Al Dhuhli Eiman Al-Ajmi Anatomical Variations and Morphometry of Carotid Sinus: A Computed Tomography Study Tomography carotid artery atherosclerosis morphometry carotid sinus variations |
| title | Anatomical Variations and Morphometry of Carotid Sinus: A Computed Tomography Study |
| title_full | Anatomical Variations and Morphometry of Carotid Sinus: A Computed Tomography Study |
| title_fullStr | Anatomical Variations and Morphometry of Carotid Sinus: A Computed Tomography Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Anatomical Variations and Morphometry of Carotid Sinus: A Computed Tomography Study |
| title_short | Anatomical Variations and Morphometry of Carotid Sinus: A Computed Tomography Study |
| title_sort | anatomical variations and morphometry of carotid sinus a computed tomography study |
| topic | carotid artery atherosclerosis morphometry carotid sinus variations |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2379-139X/11/4/45 |
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