Free-Standing and Binder-Free Porous Carbon Cloth (C-Felt) Anodes for Lithium-Ion Full Batteries
A priority area for low-cost LIBs is the commercial production of electrodes with a high cycle life and efficiency in an environmentally benign fashion and a cost-effective manner. We demonstrate the use of undoped/untreated, flexible, stand-alone, mesh-like carbon cloth (C-felt) as a potential alte...
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| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-03-01
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| Series: | Batteries |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/11/3/111 |
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| Summary: | A priority area for low-cost LIBs is the commercial production of electrodes with a high cycle life and efficiency in an environmentally benign fashion and a cost-effective manner. We demonstrate the use of undoped/untreated, flexible, stand-alone, mesh-like carbon cloth (C-felt) as a potential alternative anode to commonly used graphite composite anodes (GRAs) in LIBs. The performances of commercial GRAs (9 m<sup>2</sup>/g) and C-felt (102 m<sup>2</sup>/g) were compared as anodes vs. LiFePO<sub>4</sub> (14.5 m<sup>2</sup>/g) cathodes in the full battery. Half-cell test results determined appropriate mass ratios of 2:1 for GRAs (LiFePO<sub>4</sub>/GRA) and 1:1 for C-felt (LiFePO<sub>4</sub>/C-felt). At a 0.3 C discharge rate, the 1:1 ratio yielded a specific discharge capacity of 104 mAh/g, in contrast to 87 mAh/g for the 2:1 ratio for a full cell in the 100th cycle, corresponding to a retention of 82% for the 1:1 LiFePO<sub>4</sub>/C-felt full cell and 70% for the 2:1 LiFePO<sub>4</sub>/GRA full cell from their first specific discharge capacities. By varying the ratio of C-felt anode to LiFePO<sub>4</sub> cathode in a full cell and expressing the specific capacity in the 100th cycle as a function of the fraction of C-felt present (at a fixed amount of LiFePO<sub>4</sub>), a maximum specific capacity was achieved at a fraction of C-felt equal to 0.542 or (1:1.18) LiFePO<sub>4</sub>/C-felt or 106 mAh/g. This corresponds closely to the experimentally determined value and supports (1:1) LiFePO<sub>4</sub>/C-felt full cell as an optimum ratio that can outperform the (2:1) LiFePO<sub>4</sub>/GRA full cell in our test conditions. Hence, we present C-felt anode as a potential cost-effective, lightweight anode material for low-cost LIBs. |
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| ISSN: | 2313-0105 |