Molecular Detection of Antibiotic Resistance Genes Using Respiratory Sample from Pneumonia Patients
Introduction/Objectives: Antibiotic resistance makes the treatment of pneumonia challenging. Effective management depends on accurate diagnostic techniques to identify resistance genes and customize drugs. This study primarily aimed to identify antibiotic resistance genes in respiratory samples from...
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MDPI AG
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Antibiotics |
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| author | Eman Abdullah Alsuof Ahmad R. Alsayed Manar Saleh Zraikat Heba A. Khader Luai Z. Hasoun Mamoon Zihlif Osama Abu Ata Malek A. Zihlif Mahmoud Abu-Samak Mohammed Al Maqbali |
| author_facet | Eman Abdullah Alsuof Ahmad R. Alsayed Manar Saleh Zraikat Heba A. Khader Luai Z. Hasoun Mamoon Zihlif Osama Abu Ata Malek A. Zihlif Mahmoud Abu-Samak Mohammed Al Maqbali |
| author_sort | Eman Abdullah Alsuof |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Introduction/Objectives: Antibiotic resistance makes the treatment of pneumonia challenging. Effective management depends on accurate diagnostic techniques to identify resistance genes and customize drugs. This study primarily aimed to identify antibiotic resistance genes in respiratory samples from patients with pneumonia using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to determine the prevalence of specific resistance genes and analyze clinical factors contributing to antibiotic resistance, as well as to provide actionable insights into resistance patterns in Jordan and support efforts to improve pneumonia management. Methods: This retrospective observational study included 114 patients who were diagnosed with pneumonia. Clinical data, including prior antibiotic exposure and treatment history, were collected. PCR diagnostics were used to detect resistance genes in respiratory samples. In this study, we evaluated 14 antibiotic resistance genes in pneumonia pathogens, highlighting their diverse resistance mechanisms. Results: <i>Mec A</i> was the most frequently detected gene, appearing in 87 samples (77.3%). Additionally, <i>Tem</i> in 80 samples (70.2%), <i>Oxa-48-like</i> in 15 samples (13.2%), and <i>Ctx-M-1</i> in 38 samples (33.3%) were among the most commonly detected genes. In contrast, <i>Oxa-40-like</i> (7.0%), <i>Vim</i> (8.8%), and <i>Imp</i> (4.4%) genes exhibited a lower prevalence. The <i>Oxa-51-like</i> gene showed the only significant association with ertapenem resistance (<i>p</i>-value = 0.046). Further analysis revealed statistically significant associations between <i>Mec A</i> and methicillin resistance (<i>p</i> < 0.001), underscoring its critical role. However, other genes, such as <i>Oxa-40-like</i> and <i>Oxa-48-like</i>, showed no significant correlation with the antibiotic resistance patterns of imipenem and meropenem (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Conclusions: This study demonstrates the utility of PCR-based diagnostics for detecting resistance genes and highlights the critical clinical factors associated with antibiotic resistance in patients with pneumonia. These findings underscore the importance of integrating molecular diagnostics into routine care to improve treatment outcomes and combat the growing threat of antibiotic resistance in Jordan. This highlights PCR’s value in guiding effective treatment strategies and addressing multidrug-resistant pneumonia. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-1242d6ca07cb43d29d5fc4891038cd6b |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2079-6382 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Antibiotics |
| spelling | doaj-art-1242d6ca07cb43d29d5fc4891038cd6b2025-08-20T03:14:42ZengMDPI AGAntibiotics2079-63822025-05-0114550210.3390/antibiotics14050502Molecular Detection of Antibiotic Resistance Genes Using Respiratory Sample from Pneumonia PatientsEman Abdullah Alsuof0Ahmad R. Alsayed1Manar Saleh Zraikat2Heba A. Khader3Luai Z. Hasoun4Mamoon Zihlif5Osama Abu Ata6Malek A. Zihlif7Mahmoud Abu-Samak8Mohammed Al Maqbali9Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, JordanDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, JordanDepartment of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, JordanDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, JordanDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, JordanDepartment of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary Diseases, Islamic Hospital, Amman 11181, JordanDepartment of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Disease, Islamic Hospital, Amman 11181, JordanDepartment of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, JordanDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, JordanDepartment of Internal Medicine, Fatima College of Health Sciences, Al Ain 999041, United Arab EmiratesIntroduction/Objectives: Antibiotic resistance makes the treatment of pneumonia challenging. Effective management depends on accurate diagnostic techniques to identify resistance genes and customize drugs. This study primarily aimed to identify antibiotic resistance genes in respiratory samples from patients with pneumonia using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to determine the prevalence of specific resistance genes and analyze clinical factors contributing to antibiotic resistance, as well as to provide actionable insights into resistance patterns in Jordan and support efforts to improve pneumonia management. Methods: This retrospective observational study included 114 patients who were diagnosed with pneumonia. Clinical data, including prior antibiotic exposure and treatment history, were collected. PCR diagnostics were used to detect resistance genes in respiratory samples. In this study, we evaluated 14 antibiotic resistance genes in pneumonia pathogens, highlighting their diverse resistance mechanisms. Results: <i>Mec A</i> was the most frequently detected gene, appearing in 87 samples (77.3%). Additionally, <i>Tem</i> in 80 samples (70.2%), <i>Oxa-48-like</i> in 15 samples (13.2%), and <i>Ctx-M-1</i> in 38 samples (33.3%) were among the most commonly detected genes. In contrast, <i>Oxa-40-like</i> (7.0%), <i>Vim</i> (8.8%), and <i>Imp</i> (4.4%) genes exhibited a lower prevalence. The <i>Oxa-51-like</i> gene showed the only significant association with ertapenem resistance (<i>p</i>-value = 0.046). Further analysis revealed statistically significant associations between <i>Mec A</i> and methicillin resistance (<i>p</i> < 0.001), underscoring its critical role. However, other genes, such as <i>Oxa-40-like</i> and <i>Oxa-48-like</i>, showed no significant correlation with the antibiotic resistance patterns of imipenem and meropenem (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Conclusions: This study demonstrates the utility of PCR-based diagnostics for detecting resistance genes and highlights the critical clinical factors associated with antibiotic resistance in patients with pneumonia. These findings underscore the importance of integrating molecular diagnostics into routine care to improve treatment outcomes and combat the growing threat of antibiotic resistance in Jordan. This highlights PCR’s value in guiding effective treatment strategies and addressing multidrug-resistant pneumonia.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/14/5/502antimicrobialantibiotic-resistant geneshospitalepidemiologypneumonia |
| spellingShingle | Eman Abdullah Alsuof Ahmad R. Alsayed Manar Saleh Zraikat Heba A. Khader Luai Z. Hasoun Mamoon Zihlif Osama Abu Ata Malek A. Zihlif Mahmoud Abu-Samak Mohammed Al Maqbali Molecular Detection of Antibiotic Resistance Genes Using Respiratory Sample from Pneumonia Patients Antibiotics antimicrobial antibiotic-resistant genes hospital epidemiology pneumonia |
| title | Molecular Detection of Antibiotic Resistance Genes Using Respiratory Sample from Pneumonia Patients |
| title_full | Molecular Detection of Antibiotic Resistance Genes Using Respiratory Sample from Pneumonia Patients |
| title_fullStr | Molecular Detection of Antibiotic Resistance Genes Using Respiratory Sample from Pneumonia Patients |
| title_full_unstemmed | Molecular Detection of Antibiotic Resistance Genes Using Respiratory Sample from Pneumonia Patients |
| title_short | Molecular Detection of Antibiotic Resistance Genes Using Respiratory Sample from Pneumonia Patients |
| title_sort | molecular detection of antibiotic resistance genes using respiratory sample from pneumonia patients |
| topic | antimicrobial antibiotic-resistant genes hospital epidemiology pneumonia |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/14/5/502 |
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