Evolution of sex‐biased genes in Drosophila species with neo‐sex chromosomes: Potential contribution to reducing the sexual conflict
Abstract An advantage of sex chromosomes may be the potential to reduce sexual conflict because they provide a basis for selection to operate separately on females and males. However, evaluating the relationship between sex chromosomes and sexual conflict is challenging owing to the difficulty in me...
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| Format: | Article |
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Wiley
2024-07-01
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| Series: | Ecology and Evolution |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.11701 |
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| author | Anika Minovic Masafumi Nozawa |
| author_facet | Anika Minovic Masafumi Nozawa |
| author_sort | Anika Minovic |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract An advantage of sex chromosomes may be the potential to reduce sexual conflict because they provide a basis for selection to operate separately on females and males. However, evaluating the relationship between sex chromosomes and sexual conflict is challenging owing to the difficulty in measuring sexual conflict and substantial divergence between species with and without sex chromosomes. We therefore examined sex‐biased gene expression as a proxy for sexual conflict in three sets of Drosophila species with and without young sex chromosomes, the so‐called neo‐sex chromosomes. In all sets, we detected more sex‐biased genes in the species with neo‐sex chromosomes than in the species without neo‐sex chromosomes in larvae, pupae, and adult somatic tissues but not in gonads. In particular, many unbiased genes became either female‐ or male‐biased after linkage to the neo‐sex chromosomes in larvae, despite the low sexual dimorphism. For example, genes involved in metabolism, a key determinant for the rate of development in many animals, were enriched in the genes that acquired sex‐biased expression on the neo‐sex chromosomes at the larval stage. These genes may be targets of sexually antagonistic selection (i.e., large size and rapid development are selected for in females but selected against in males). These results indicate that acquiring neo‐sex chromosomes may have contributed to a reduction in sexual conflict, particularly at the larval stage, in Drosophila.. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-124231c744934ea79f7a7f8c7ab657ee |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-7758 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-07-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Ecology and Evolution |
| spelling | doaj-art-124231c744934ea79f7a7f8c7ab657ee2025-08-20T03:55:58ZengWileyEcology and Evolution2045-77582024-07-01147n/an/a10.1002/ece3.11701Evolution of sex‐biased genes in Drosophila species with neo‐sex chromosomes: Potential contribution to reducing the sexual conflictAnika Minovic0Masafumi Nozawa1Department of Biological Sciences Tokyo Metropolitan University Hachioji JapanDepartment of Biological Sciences Tokyo Metropolitan University Hachioji JapanAbstract An advantage of sex chromosomes may be the potential to reduce sexual conflict because they provide a basis for selection to operate separately on females and males. However, evaluating the relationship between sex chromosomes and sexual conflict is challenging owing to the difficulty in measuring sexual conflict and substantial divergence between species with and without sex chromosomes. We therefore examined sex‐biased gene expression as a proxy for sexual conflict in three sets of Drosophila species with and without young sex chromosomes, the so‐called neo‐sex chromosomes. In all sets, we detected more sex‐biased genes in the species with neo‐sex chromosomes than in the species without neo‐sex chromosomes in larvae, pupae, and adult somatic tissues but not in gonads. In particular, many unbiased genes became either female‐ or male‐biased after linkage to the neo‐sex chromosomes in larvae, despite the low sexual dimorphism. For example, genes involved in metabolism, a key determinant for the rate of development in many animals, were enriched in the genes that acquired sex‐biased expression on the neo‐sex chromosomes at the larval stage. These genes may be targets of sexually antagonistic selection (i.e., large size and rapid development are selected for in females but selected against in males). These results indicate that acquiring neo‐sex chromosomes may have contributed to a reduction in sexual conflict, particularly at the larval stage, in Drosophila..https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.11701Drosophilaneo‐sex chromosomesex‐biased gene expressionsexual conflictsexual selectionsexual size dimorphism |
| spellingShingle | Anika Minovic Masafumi Nozawa Evolution of sex‐biased genes in Drosophila species with neo‐sex chromosomes: Potential contribution to reducing the sexual conflict Ecology and Evolution Drosophila neo‐sex chromosome sex‐biased gene expression sexual conflict sexual selection sexual size dimorphism |
| title | Evolution of sex‐biased genes in Drosophila species with neo‐sex chromosomes: Potential contribution to reducing the sexual conflict |
| title_full | Evolution of sex‐biased genes in Drosophila species with neo‐sex chromosomes: Potential contribution to reducing the sexual conflict |
| title_fullStr | Evolution of sex‐biased genes in Drosophila species with neo‐sex chromosomes: Potential contribution to reducing the sexual conflict |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evolution of sex‐biased genes in Drosophila species with neo‐sex chromosomes: Potential contribution to reducing the sexual conflict |
| title_short | Evolution of sex‐biased genes in Drosophila species with neo‐sex chromosomes: Potential contribution to reducing the sexual conflict |
| title_sort | evolution of sex biased genes in drosophila species with neo sex chromosomes potential contribution to reducing the sexual conflict |
| topic | Drosophila neo‐sex chromosome sex‐biased gene expression sexual conflict sexual selection sexual size dimorphism |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.11701 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT anikaminovic evolutionofsexbiasedgenesindrosophilaspecieswithneosexchromosomespotentialcontributiontoreducingthesexualconflict AT masafuminozawa evolutionofsexbiasedgenesindrosophilaspecieswithneosexchromosomespotentialcontributiontoreducingthesexualconflict |