Unlocking Reishi’s secrets: nutritional and medicinal traits of Ganoderma lucidum isolated from tree bark in Egypt

Abstract Ganoderma lucidum is an edible mushroom with high consumption rates in many cultures especially East Asian. This study assessed the in-vitro antimicrobial, antitumor, antiviral as well as antioxidant capacity of Ganoderma lucidum water extract (GLWE). Different microorganisms (standard stra...

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Main Authors: Ramy M. Shady, Mona H. El-Gayar, Eman El-Gebaly, Hatem S. Abbass, Mahmoud A. Yassein
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SpringerOpen 2025-07-01
Series:AMB Express
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13568-025-01905-6
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author Ramy M. Shady
Mona H. El-Gayar
Eman El-Gebaly
Hatem S. Abbass
Mahmoud A. Yassein
author_facet Ramy M. Shady
Mona H. El-Gayar
Eman El-Gebaly
Hatem S. Abbass
Mahmoud A. Yassein
author_sort Ramy M. Shady
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Ganoderma lucidum is an edible mushroom with high consumption rates in many cultures especially East Asian. This study assessed the in-vitro antimicrobial, antitumor, antiviral as well as antioxidant capacity of Ganoderma lucidum water extract (GLWE). Different microorganisms (standard strain bacteria and clinical isolates) were affected by mushroom aqueous extract, with inhibition zone diameters ranging between 16.1 and 38.8 mm. The MTT assay was used to evaluate antitumor efficacy against three distinct tumor cell lines: HepG-2 (liver tumor cell line), MCF-7 (breast tumor cell line), in addition to Caco2 (colorectal carcinoma cell line). GLWE was found to be safe for Vero cells (CC50 5237 ± 1.6 µg/mL) and had detectable anticancer efficacy against all tested cell lines with IC50 ranges from 99.06 to 198.1 µg/mL. The Petricevich and Mendonça technique was used to test the antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus-1 together with Human adeno virus-7. The findings demonstrated modest antiviral activity, with EC₅₀ values of 493.8 ± 0.98 and 607.1 ± 1.9 µg/mL and corresponding selectivity indices of 10.6 and 8.62, respectively. On studying the antioxidant capacity of GLWE by using DPPH and ABTS, a potential activity with IC50 values of 23.69 ± 0.85 and 14.79 ± 0.92 µg /mL, respectively, were obtained. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in addition to high-performance liquid chromatography analysis indicated a diverse range of compounds including Ganoderic acids, Lucidenic acids, Ganolucidic acids, and Ganoderenic acids which are characteristic triterpenoids to the genus Ganoderma, as well as some polyphenols and flavonoids. In addition, some water/fat soluble vitamins were also detected, as well as proteins and carbohydrates contributing to the high nutritional value of the studied mushroom.
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spelling doaj-art-123ea470dcc8409fb432be40cd0f71d62025-08-20T04:03:07ZengSpringerOpenAMB Express2191-08552025-07-0115111710.1186/s13568-025-01905-6Unlocking Reishi’s secrets: nutritional and medicinal traits of Ganoderma lucidum isolated from tree bark in EgyptRamy M. Shady0Mona H. El-Gayar1Eman El-Gebaly2Hatem S. Abbass3Mahmoud A. Yassein4Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of PharmacyDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams UniversityDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of PharmacyDepartment of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University (Boys)Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams UniversityAbstract Ganoderma lucidum is an edible mushroom with high consumption rates in many cultures especially East Asian. This study assessed the in-vitro antimicrobial, antitumor, antiviral as well as antioxidant capacity of Ganoderma lucidum water extract (GLWE). Different microorganisms (standard strain bacteria and clinical isolates) were affected by mushroom aqueous extract, with inhibition zone diameters ranging between 16.1 and 38.8 mm. The MTT assay was used to evaluate antitumor efficacy against three distinct tumor cell lines: HepG-2 (liver tumor cell line), MCF-7 (breast tumor cell line), in addition to Caco2 (colorectal carcinoma cell line). GLWE was found to be safe for Vero cells (CC50 5237 ± 1.6 µg/mL) and had detectable anticancer efficacy against all tested cell lines with IC50 ranges from 99.06 to 198.1 µg/mL. The Petricevich and Mendonça technique was used to test the antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus-1 together with Human adeno virus-7. The findings demonstrated modest antiviral activity, with EC₅₀ values of 493.8 ± 0.98 and 607.1 ± 1.9 µg/mL and corresponding selectivity indices of 10.6 and 8.62, respectively. On studying the antioxidant capacity of GLWE by using DPPH and ABTS, a potential activity with IC50 values of 23.69 ± 0.85 and 14.79 ± 0.92 µg /mL, respectively, were obtained. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in addition to high-performance liquid chromatography analysis indicated a diverse range of compounds including Ganoderic acids, Lucidenic acids, Ganolucidic acids, and Ganoderenic acids which are characteristic triterpenoids to the genus Ganoderma, as well as some polyphenols and flavonoids. In addition, some water/fat soluble vitamins were also detected, as well as proteins and carbohydrates contributing to the high nutritional value of the studied mushroom.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13568-025-01905-6Ganoderma lucidumWater extractAntitumorAntimicrobialAntiviralLiquid chromatography-mass spectrometry
spellingShingle Ramy M. Shady
Mona H. El-Gayar
Eman El-Gebaly
Hatem S. Abbass
Mahmoud A. Yassein
Unlocking Reishi’s secrets: nutritional and medicinal traits of Ganoderma lucidum isolated from tree bark in Egypt
AMB Express
Ganoderma lucidum
Water extract
Antitumor
Antimicrobial
Antiviral
Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry
title Unlocking Reishi’s secrets: nutritional and medicinal traits of Ganoderma lucidum isolated from tree bark in Egypt
title_full Unlocking Reishi’s secrets: nutritional and medicinal traits of Ganoderma lucidum isolated from tree bark in Egypt
title_fullStr Unlocking Reishi’s secrets: nutritional and medicinal traits of Ganoderma lucidum isolated from tree bark in Egypt
title_full_unstemmed Unlocking Reishi’s secrets: nutritional and medicinal traits of Ganoderma lucidum isolated from tree bark in Egypt
title_short Unlocking Reishi’s secrets: nutritional and medicinal traits of Ganoderma lucidum isolated from tree bark in Egypt
title_sort unlocking reishi s secrets nutritional and medicinal traits of ganoderma lucidum isolated from tree bark in egypt
topic Ganoderma lucidum
Water extract
Antitumor
Antimicrobial
Antiviral
Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s13568-025-01905-6
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