A Novel Long Short-Term Memory-Based Approach for Microgrid Fault Detection and Classification Using the Wavelet Scattering Transform

Protecting microgrids poses significant challenges owing to their diverse operational modes, multiple power infeed sources, variable fault current levels, heterogeneous control strategies, and the high penetration of intermittent renewable energy sources (RESs). These characteristics undermine the e...

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Main Authors: Naema M. Mansour, Abdelazeem A. Abdelsalam, Ibrahim A. Awaad
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IEEE 2025-01-01
Series:IEEE Access
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Online Access:https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11059965/
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author Naema M. Mansour
Abdelazeem A. Abdelsalam
Ibrahim A. Awaad
author_facet Naema M. Mansour
Abdelazeem A. Abdelsalam
Ibrahim A. Awaad
author_sort Naema M. Mansour
collection DOAJ
description Protecting microgrids poses significant challenges owing to their diverse operational modes, multiple power infeed sources, variable fault current levels, heterogeneous control strategies, and the high penetration of intermittent renewable energy sources (RESs). These characteristics undermine the effectiveness of conventional protection schemes, particularly those based on overcurrent relays (OCRs) that are designed for systems with predictable and high fault currents. During islanded operation, a common mode in microgrids, fault currents are often reduced, making fault detection and isolation even more difficult. These limitations underscore the urgent need for intelligent, adaptive, and fast-responding fault detection and classification algorithms tailored specifically to the nature of microgrids. To address this gap, this study proposes a novel fault detection and classification approach that combines the Wavelet Scattering Transform (WST) for robust feature extraction with a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network for accurate temporal pattern recognition and classification. Although WST has demonstrated remarkable performance in audio and image classification, its use in power system analysis remains largely unexplored. In this study, WST was used for the first time to process fault current signals in microgrids, resulting in significant feature matrices for training and testing. WST is especially excellent for capturing hidden properties in current waveforms, making it ideal for classification applications. The proposed methodology was validated using a Consortium for Electric Reliability Technology Solutions (CERTS) microgrid testbed. All simulations were performed in MATLAB, which served as the platform for modeling the CERTS microgrid, configuring the WST, and implementing the LSTM network. A comparative analysis with conventional techniques highlighted the superior classification accuracy and robustness of the proposed WST-LSTM framework.
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spelling doaj-art-123e33c85cc8475f90cd0d5f00ebccac2025-08-20T03:12:14ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362025-01-011312090512091610.1109/ACCESS.2025.358435511059965A Novel Long Short-Term Memory-Based Approach for Microgrid Fault Detection and Classification Using the Wavelet Scattering TransformNaema M. Mansour0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3979-4755Abdelazeem A. Abdelsalam1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3103-7220Ibrahim A. Awaad2Electrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, EgyptElectrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, EgyptElectrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Sinia Univercity, Arish, EgyptProtecting microgrids poses significant challenges owing to their diverse operational modes, multiple power infeed sources, variable fault current levels, heterogeneous control strategies, and the high penetration of intermittent renewable energy sources (RESs). These characteristics undermine the effectiveness of conventional protection schemes, particularly those based on overcurrent relays (OCRs) that are designed for systems with predictable and high fault currents. During islanded operation, a common mode in microgrids, fault currents are often reduced, making fault detection and isolation even more difficult. These limitations underscore the urgent need for intelligent, adaptive, and fast-responding fault detection and classification algorithms tailored specifically to the nature of microgrids. To address this gap, this study proposes a novel fault detection and classification approach that combines the Wavelet Scattering Transform (WST) for robust feature extraction with a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network for accurate temporal pattern recognition and classification. Although WST has demonstrated remarkable performance in audio and image classification, its use in power system analysis remains largely unexplored. In this study, WST was used for the first time to process fault current signals in microgrids, resulting in significant feature matrices for training and testing. WST is especially excellent for capturing hidden properties in current waveforms, making it ideal for classification applications. The proposed methodology was validated using a Consortium for Electric Reliability Technology Solutions (CERTS) microgrid testbed. All simulations were performed in MATLAB, which served as the platform for modeling the CERTS microgrid, configuring the WST, and implementing the LSTM network. A comparative analysis with conventional techniques highlighted the superior classification accuracy and robustness of the proposed WST-LSTM framework.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11059965/CERT microgridfault identificationfault classificationDWTWSTfeature matrices
spellingShingle Naema M. Mansour
Abdelazeem A. Abdelsalam
Ibrahim A. Awaad
A Novel Long Short-Term Memory-Based Approach for Microgrid Fault Detection and Classification Using the Wavelet Scattering Transform
IEEE Access
CERT microgrid
fault identification
fault classification
DWT
WST
feature matrices
title A Novel Long Short-Term Memory-Based Approach for Microgrid Fault Detection and Classification Using the Wavelet Scattering Transform
title_full A Novel Long Short-Term Memory-Based Approach for Microgrid Fault Detection and Classification Using the Wavelet Scattering Transform
title_fullStr A Novel Long Short-Term Memory-Based Approach for Microgrid Fault Detection and Classification Using the Wavelet Scattering Transform
title_full_unstemmed A Novel Long Short-Term Memory-Based Approach for Microgrid Fault Detection and Classification Using the Wavelet Scattering Transform
title_short A Novel Long Short-Term Memory-Based Approach for Microgrid Fault Detection and Classification Using the Wavelet Scattering Transform
title_sort novel long short term memory based approach for microgrid fault detection and classification using the wavelet scattering transform
topic CERT microgrid
fault identification
fault classification
DWT
WST
feature matrices
url https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11059965/
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