Placental mesenchymal dysplasia: a rare case associated with second trimester fetal growth restriction

Abstract Background Placental mesenchymal dysplasia (PMD) is a rare, benign, placental disorder characterised macroscopically by an enlarged multi-cystic placenta. It is a condition associated with a range of reported clinical outcomes and can be misdiagnosed as a molar or partial molar pregnancy gi...

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Main Authors: Thomas Chadwick, Jennifer Davis, Wafa Bitar, Susmita Pankaja
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2024-11-01
Series:BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-024-06960-8
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author Thomas Chadwick
Jennifer Davis
Wafa Bitar
Susmita Pankaja
author_facet Thomas Chadwick
Jennifer Davis
Wafa Bitar
Susmita Pankaja
author_sort Thomas Chadwick
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Placental mesenchymal dysplasia (PMD) is a rare, benign, placental disorder characterised macroscopically by an enlarged multi-cystic placenta. It is a condition associated with a range of reported clinical outcomes and can be misdiagnosed as a molar or partial molar pregnancy given the similarities in clinical presentation. We present an unusual case of PMD complicated by fetal growth restriction and oligohydramnios in the second trimester. Case presentation A 33 year old female was referred to our fetal medicine unit with a multi-cystic placenta at dating scan suspected initially to be a partial molar pregnancy. She opted for conservative management and declined invasive testing. At 16 weeks severe fetal growth restriction was present with an estimated fetal weight < 3rd centile and associated with oligohydramnios. Whilst live births in cases of PMD have been reported in the literature, to our knowledge there are no reported successful outcomes in cases of early onset growth restriction at this gestation. The patient opted to proceed with termination of pregnancy given the suspected poor prognosis. Post mortem results confirmed a diagnosis of PMD and fetal growth restriction with normal genetic testing. Conclusions Placental mesenchymal dysplasia can be a difficult condition to manage, particularly when counselling about prognosis and deciding whether to continue the pregnancy. More evidence is needed about prognostic factors in PMD associated with a successful outcome. Early onset fetal growth restriction and/or oligohydramnios prior to 20 weeks are likely poor prognostic factors which should be considered in the antenatal counselling.
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spelling doaj-art-120d12d24342467baf7aa4c27ae7d4142025-08-20T02:49:16ZengBMCBMC Pregnancy and Childbirth1471-23932024-11-012411510.1186/s12884-024-06960-8Placental mesenchymal dysplasia: a rare case associated with second trimester fetal growth restrictionThomas Chadwick0Jennifer Davis1Wafa Bitar2Susmita Pankaja3Obstetrics & Gynecology department, Whiston HospitalObstetrics & Gynecology department, Whiston HospitalObstetrics & Gynecology department, Whiston HospitalObstetrics & Gynecology department, Whiston HospitalAbstract Background Placental mesenchymal dysplasia (PMD) is a rare, benign, placental disorder characterised macroscopically by an enlarged multi-cystic placenta. It is a condition associated with a range of reported clinical outcomes and can be misdiagnosed as a molar or partial molar pregnancy given the similarities in clinical presentation. We present an unusual case of PMD complicated by fetal growth restriction and oligohydramnios in the second trimester. Case presentation A 33 year old female was referred to our fetal medicine unit with a multi-cystic placenta at dating scan suspected initially to be a partial molar pregnancy. She opted for conservative management and declined invasive testing. At 16 weeks severe fetal growth restriction was present with an estimated fetal weight < 3rd centile and associated with oligohydramnios. Whilst live births in cases of PMD have been reported in the literature, to our knowledge there are no reported successful outcomes in cases of early onset growth restriction at this gestation. The patient opted to proceed with termination of pregnancy given the suspected poor prognosis. Post mortem results confirmed a diagnosis of PMD and fetal growth restriction with normal genetic testing. Conclusions Placental mesenchymal dysplasia can be a difficult condition to manage, particularly when counselling about prognosis and deciding whether to continue the pregnancy. More evidence is needed about prognostic factors in PMD associated with a successful outcome. Early onset fetal growth restriction and/or oligohydramnios prior to 20 weeks are likely poor prognostic factors which should be considered in the antenatal counselling.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-024-06960-8Placental mesenchymal dysplasiaFetal growth restrictionBeckwith-Weidemann syndromeMolar pregnancyPlacentalomegaly
spellingShingle Thomas Chadwick
Jennifer Davis
Wafa Bitar
Susmita Pankaja
Placental mesenchymal dysplasia: a rare case associated with second trimester fetal growth restriction
BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
Placental mesenchymal dysplasia
Fetal growth restriction
Beckwith-Weidemann syndrome
Molar pregnancy
Placentalomegaly
title Placental mesenchymal dysplasia: a rare case associated with second trimester fetal growth restriction
title_full Placental mesenchymal dysplasia: a rare case associated with second trimester fetal growth restriction
title_fullStr Placental mesenchymal dysplasia: a rare case associated with second trimester fetal growth restriction
title_full_unstemmed Placental mesenchymal dysplasia: a rare case associated with second trimester fetal growth restriction
title_short Placental mesenchymal dysplasia: a rare case associated with second trimester fetal growth restriction
title_sort placental mesenchymal dysplasia a rare case associated with second trimester fetal growth restriction
topic Placental mesenchymal dysplasia
Fetal growth restriction
Beckwith-Weidemann syndrome
Molar pregnancy
Placentalomegaly
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-024-06960-8
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AT jenniferdavis placentalmesenchymaldysplasiaararecaseassociatedwithsecondtrimesterfetalgrowthrestriction
AT wafabitar placentalmesenchymaldysplasiaararecaseassociatedwithsecondtrimesterfetalgrowthrestriction
AT susmitapankaja placentalmesenchymaldysplasiaararecaseassociatedwithsecondtrimesterfetalgrowthrestriction