Analysis of Trace Heavy Metal in Solution Using Liquid Cathode Glow Discharge Spectroscopy

Heavy metal pollution, particularly from cadmium (Cd) and copper (Cu), poses significant environmental and health risks. To address the need for efficient, portable, and sensitive detection methods, this study introduces an improved atmospheric pressure glow discharge atomic emission spectrometry (A...

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Main Authors: Duixiong Sun, Xinrong Ma, Jiawei Chang, Guoding Zhang, Maogen Su, Marek Sikorski, Vincent Detalle, Xueshi Bai
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-12-01
Series:Sensors
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/23/7756
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author Duixiong Sun
Xinrong Ma
Jiawei Chang
Guoding Zhang
Maogen Su
Marek Sikorski
Vincent Detalle
Xueshi Bai
author_facet Duixiong Sun
Xinrong Ma
Jiawei Chang
Guoding Zhang
Maogen Su
Marek Sikorski
Vincent Detalle
Xueshi Bai
author_sort Duixiong Sun
collection DOAJ
description Heavy metal pollution, particularly from cadmium (Cd) and copper (Cu), poses significant environmental and health risks. To address the need for efficient, portable, and sensitive detection methods, this study introduces an improved atmospheric pressure glow discharge atomic emission spectrometry (APGD-AES) technique for quantifying Cd and Cu in water samples. The APGD-AES method offers key advantages, including low energy consumption (<33 W), high excitation energy, and compact design. The system was optimized for a discharge voltage of 550 V (Cd) and 570 V (Cu), a flow rate of 3.6 mL/min, and a solution pH of 1.0. Under these conditions, detection limits reached 16 µg/L for Cd and 1.3 µg/L for Cu. APGD-AES was tested on real water samples, including sewage and tap water, demonstrating compliance with national safety standards and comparable performance to graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS). This technique shows promise for real-time, on-site monitoring of trace heavy metals due to its portability, precision, and cost-efficiency.
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publishDate 2024-12-01
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series Sensors
spelling doaj-art-1201e739a82b4814a3d54bf8b03f974c2025-08-20T01:55:37ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202024-12-012423775610.3390/s24237756Analysis of Trace Heavy Metal in Solution Using Liquid Cathode Glow Discharge SpectroscopyDuixiong Sun0Xinrong Ma1Jiawei Chang2Guoding Zhang3Maogen Su4Marek Sikorski5Vincent Detalle6Xueshi Bai7Key Laboratory of Atomic and Molecular Physics & Functional Materials of Gansu Province, College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, ChinaKey Laboratory of Atomic and Molecular Physics & Functional Materials of Gansu Province, College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, ChinaKey Laboratory of Atomic and Molecular Physics & Functional Materials of Gansu Province, College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, ChinaKey Laboratory of Atomic and Molecular Physics & Functional Materials of Gansu Province, College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, ChinaKey Laboratory of Atomic and Molecular Physics & Functional Materials of Gansu Province, College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, ChinaFaculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznań, PolandCentre de Recherche et de Restauration des Musées de France (C2RMF), 75008 Paris, FranceCentre de Recherche et de Restauration des Musées de France (C2RMF), 75008 Paris, FranceHeavy metal pollution, particularly from cadmium (Cd) and copper (Cu), poses significant environmental and health risks. To address the need for efficient, portable, and sensitive detection methods, this study introduces an improved atmospheric pressure glow discharge atomic emission spectrometry (APGD-AES) technique for quantifying Cd and Cu in water samples. The APGD-AES method offers key advantages, including low energy consumption (<33 W), high excitation energy, and compact design. The system was optimized for a discharge voltage of 550 V (Cd) and 570 V (Cu), a flow rate of 3.6 mL/min, and a solution pH of 1.0. Under these conditions, detection limits reached 16 µg/L for Cd and 1.3 µg/L for Cu. APGD-AES was tested on real water samples, including sewage and tap water, demonstrating compliance with national safety standards and comparable performance to graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS). This technique shows promise for real-time, on-site monitoring of trace heavy metals due to its portability, precision, and cost-efficiency.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/23/7756atmospheric pressure glow dischargeatomic emission spectroscopytrace heavy metalsdetection limitsewage
spellingShingle Duixiong Sun
Xinrong Ma
Jiawei Chang
Guoding Zhang
Maogen Su
Marek Sikorski
Vincent Detalle
Xueshi Bai
Analysis of Trace Heavy Metal in Solution Using Liquid Cathode Glow Discharge Spectroscopy
Sensors
atmospheric pressure glow discharge
atomic emission spectroscopy
trace heavy metals
detection limit
sewage
title Analysis of Trace Heavy Metal in Solution Using Liquid Cathode Glow Discharge Spectroscopy
title_full Analysis of Trace Heavy Metal in Solution Using Liquid Cathode Glow Discharge Spectroscopy
title_fullStr Analysis of Trace Heavy Metal in Solution Using Liquid Cathode Glow Discharge Spectroscopy
title_full_unstemmed Analysis of Trace Heavy Metal in Solution Using Liquid Cathode Glow Discharge Spectroscopy
title_short Analysis of Trace Heavy Metal in Solution Using Liquid Cathode Glow Discharge Spectroscopy
title_sort analysis of trace heavy metal in solution using liquid cathode glow discharge spectroscopy
topic atmospheric pressure glow discharge
atomic emission spectroscopy
trace heavy metals
detection limit
sewage
url https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/23/7756
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