Emergence of Flucytosine-Resistant Candida tropicalis Clade, the Netherlands

Candida tropicalis is the second most virulent Candida species after C. albicans. Previous studies from the Netherlands and France reported a notable reduction in susceptibility to flucytosine (5-FC) in a substantial proportion of C. tropicalis isolates. We investigated epidemiologic patterns of C....

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Main Authors: Fatima Zohra Delma, Bram Spruijtenburg, Jacques F. Meis, Auke W. de Jong, James Groot, Johanna Rhodes, Willem J.G. Melchers, Paul E. Verweij, Theun de Groot, Eelco F.J. Meijer, Jochem B. Buil
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2025-07-01
Series:Emerging Infectious Diseases
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Online Access:https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/31/7/24-1918_article
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author Fatima Zohra Delma
Bram Spruijtenburg
Jacques F. Meis
Auke W. de Jong
James Groot
Johanna Rhodes
Willem J.G. Melchers
Paul E. Verweij
Theun de Groot
Eelco F.J. Meijer
Jochem B. Buil
author_facet Fatima Zohra Delma
Bram Spruijtenburg
Jacques F. Meis
Auke W. de Jong
James Groot
Johanna Rhodes
Willem J.G. Melchers
Paul E. Verweij
Theun de Groot
Eelco F.J. Meijer
Jochem B. Buil
author_sort Fatima Zohra Delma
collection DOAJ
description Candida tropicalis is the second most virulent Candida species after C. albicans. Previous studies from the Netherlands and France reported a notable reduction in susceptibility to flucytosine (5-FC) in a substantial proportion of C. tropicalis isolates. We investigated epidemiologic patterns of C. tropicalis isolates in the Netherlands and the genetic mechanisms driving widespread non–wild-type (WT) 5-FC resistance. We conducted antifungal susceptibility testing and used advanced molecular techniques, including short tandem repeat genotyping and whole-genome sequencing paired with single-nucleotide polymorphism analysis, to analyze 250 C. tropicalis isolates collected across the Netherlands during 2012–2022. Our findings revealed the rapid emergence of a 5-FC–resistant, non-WT C. tropicalis clade, accounting for >40% of all C. tropicalis isolates by 2022. Genomic analysis identified a homozygous nonsense mutation in the FCY2 gene, which was exclusive to this non-WT population. Continued surveillance efforts are needed to detect and prevent the spread of drug-resistant Candida species.
format Article
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institution Kabale University
issn 1080-6040
1080-6059
language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
record_format Article
series Emerging Infectious Diseases
spelling doaj-art-11fab2e97c54437bb36cf2bd389e0c852025-08-20T03:29:44ZengCenters for Disease Control and PreventionEmerging Infectious Diseases1080-60401080-60592025-07-013171354136410.3201/eid3107.241918Emergence of Flucytosine-Resistant Candida tropicalis Clade, the NetherlandsFatima Zohra DelmaBram SpruijtenburgJacques F. MeisAuke W. de JongJames GrootJohanna RhodesWillem J.G. MelchersPaul E. VerweijTheun de GrootEelco F.J. MeijerJochem B. Buil Candida tropicalis is the second most virulent Candida species after C. albicans. Previous studies from the Netherlands and France reported a notable reduction in susceptibility to flucytosine (5-FC) in a substantial proportion of C. tropicalis isolates. We investigated epidemiologic patterns of C. tropicalis isolates in the Netherlands and the genetic mechanisms driving widespread non–wild-type (WT) 5-FC resistance. We conducted antifungal susceptibility testing and used advanced molecular techniques, including short tandem repeat genotyping and whole-genome sequencing paired with single-nucleotide polymorphism analysis, to analyze 250 C. tropicalis isolates collected across the Netherlands during 2012–2022. Our findings revealed the rapid emergence of a 5-FC–resistant, non-WT C. tropicalis clade, accounting for >40% of all C. tropicalis isolates by 2022. Genomic analysis identified a homozygous nonsense mutation in the FCY2 gene, which was exclusive to this non-WT population. Continued surveillance efforts are needed to detect and prevent the spread of drug-resistant Candida species. https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/31/7/24-1918_articleCandidaCandida tropicalisflucytosineantifungal resistancegenotypingwhole-genome sequencing
spellingShingle Fatima Zohra Delma
Bram Spruijtenburg
Jacques F. Meis
Auke W. de Jong
James Groot
Johanna Rhodes
Willem J.G. Melchers
Paul E. Verweij
Theun de Groot
Eelco F.J. Meijer
Jochem B. Buil
Emergence of Flucytosine-Resistant Candida tropicalis Clade, the Netherlands
Emerging Infectious Diseases
Candida
Candida tropicalis
flucytosine
antifungal resistance
genotyping
whole-genome sequencing
title Emergence of Flucytosine-Resistant Candida tropicalis Clade, the Netherlands
title_full Emergence of Flucytosine-Resistant Candida tropicalis Clade, the Netherlands
title_fullStr Emergence of Flucytosine-Resistant Candida tropicalis Clade, the Netherlands
title_full_unstemmed Emergence of Flucytosine-Resistant Candida tropicalis Clade, the Netherlands
title_short Emergence of Flucytosine-Resistant Candida tropicalis Clade, the Netherlands
title_sort emergence of flucytosine resistant candida tropicalis clade the netherlands
topic Candida
Candida tropicalis
flucytosine
antifungal resistance
genotyping
whole-genome sequencing
url https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/31/7/24-1918_article
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